晦

晦	U+6666, 晦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666

← 晥
[U+6665]

CJK Unified Ideographs

晧 →
[U+6667]

Translingual

Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 6805₇, composition ⿰日每)

Derived characters

𤹾

References

KangXi: page 496, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960

Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3

Unihan data for U+6666

Chinese

simp. and trad.		晦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 晦
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脢	mɯːs, mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	mlɯːʔ, mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	ʔmɯː, ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	mɯʔ, mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	mɯs, mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	mɯs, mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	mrɯʔ, mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	mɯːs, hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	hmɯːʔ, hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huì (hui⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fui³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùi
Min Dong (BUC): huói
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hòe
(Teochew, Peng'im): huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huì
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
  - Wade–Giles: hui⁴
  - Yale: hwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
  - Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xweɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fui³
  - Yale: fui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fui³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùi
  - Hakka Romanization System: fuiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fui²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu̯i¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huói
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
  - Tâi-lô: huè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /huʌi^H/

Rime
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	荒内切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/huoi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəj^H/
Li Rong	/xuᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/xuɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huì
Middle Chinese	‹ xwoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁək-s/
English	last day of a moon; dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	晦
Reading #	1/1
No.	9315
Phonetic component	母
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːs/

Definitions

晦

last day of a lunar month
dark, unclear, obscure
night
67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (晦):

→ Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
→ Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
→ Vietnamese: hối (晦)

Compounds

悖晦 (bèihui)
昏晦
晦冥 (huìmíng)
晦在
晦日 (huìrì)
晦明 (huìmíng)
晦昧
晦暗 (huì'àn)
晦暝
晦朔 (huìshuò)
晦盲
晦瞑

晦蒙
月晦
老背晦
肉眼愚晦
背晦
雺晦
霾晦
嚮晦／向晦
晦氣／晦气 (huìqì)
晦澀／晦涩 (huìsè)
晦紋／晦纹
晦跡／晦迹

遵時養晦／遵时养晦
遵養時晦／遵养时晦
陰晦／阴晦 (yīnhuì)
隱晦／隐晦 (yǐnhuì)
青白晦氣／青白晦气
韜光養晦／韬光养晦 (tāoguāngyǎnghuì)
韜晦／韬晦 (tāohuì)
顯晦／显晦
風雨如晦／风雨如晦 (fēngyǔrúhuì)
風雨晦冥／风雨晦冥
養晦／养晦 (yǎnghuì)

Japanese

Kanji

晦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)}^{←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}
Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
Kun: つごもり (tsugomori, 晦); くらい (kurai, 晦い); くらます (kuramasu, 晦ます); くらむ (kuramu, 晦む)

Compounds

晦日(みそか) (misoka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
晦
かい Jinmeiyō
kan’on

/kʷai/ → /kai/

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC huʌi^H).

Affix

晦(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)^?}

end of the month
dark, darkened
obscure, unknown
conceal, hide

Derived terms

晦(かい)朔(さく) (kaisaku)
晦(かい)日(じつ) (kaijitsu)
晦(かい)渋(じゅう) (kaijū)
晦(かい)晴(せい) (kaisei)
晦(かい)蔵(ぞう) (kaizō)
晦(かい)匿(とく) (kaitoku)
晦(かい)冥(めい) (kaimei)
暗(あん)晦(かい) (ankai)
湮(いん)晦(かい), 堙(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
陰(いん)晦(かい) (inkai)
顕(けん)晦(かい) (kenkai)
昏(こん)晦(かい) (konkai)
朔(さっ)晦(かい) (sakkai)
時(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
自(じ)晦(かい) (jikai)
韜(とう)晦(かい) (tōkai)

Noun

晦(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?}

a darkening of the sky
something unclear or obscure
the last day of a (lunar) month

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
晦
つごもり Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
晦日

Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).[1]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) つごもり [tsùgómórí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝɡo̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori)

(archaic) the darkening of moonlight
(by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Derived terms

晦(つごもり)方(がた) (tsugomorigata)
晦(つごもり)蕎(そ)麦(ば) (tsugomorisoba)
大(おお)晦(つごもり) (ōtsugomori)
小(こつ)晦日(ごもり) (kotsugomori)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
晦
つもごり Jinmeiyō
irregular

Alternative spelling
晦日

Alteration of tsugomori above.

Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori)

(rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
(rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

Derived terms

大(おお)晦(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC huʌi^H). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))

Hanja form^? of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”).

Compounds

회삭 (晦朔, hoesak)
회일 (晦日, hoeil)
음회 (陰晦, eumhoe)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN