请输入您要查询的单词:

 

单词
释义

See also: and
U+661F, 星
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-661F

[U+661E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6620]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹手一 (AHQM), four-corner 60104, composition日生)

Derived characters

  • 𬾰, 𬀶, 𡟙, 惺, 湦, 猩, 暒, 煋, 瑆, 腥, 睲, 䃏, 𦎬, 䗌, 謃, 醒, 𣋀, 鍟, 鯹, 戥, 𣌌, 篂, 𣮶, 𩤵 (𬴄)

References

  • KangXi: page 492, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1500, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+661F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Simplified from (), which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleːŋ) : semantic (twinkling stars) + phonetic (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology 1

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *s-tsʰˤeŋ, which can be analysed as a verbal root *tsʰˤeŋ (bright) with a prefix *s-. This reconstruction accounts for the Min initial *tsh- and the use of the character to write the word (OC *N-tsʰeŋ).

Possibly related to (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), in turn from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (clear; pure; clean).

Proto-Kiranti *saŋ (star) either develops from a parallel Sino-Tibetan root (Schuessler, 2007) or derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kar (star) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): xīng (xing1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, SP): xin1
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щин (xin, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): sing1, seng1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiang1-4, lhen1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): xiang1 / xin1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sên
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sên1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): xing1 / xi1
  • Min Bei (KCR): sáing
  • Min Dong (BUC): sĭng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ / chheⁿ / seⁿ / san / seng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): sin1

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: sing
      • Wade–Giles: hsing1
      • Yale: syīng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
      • Palladius: син (sin)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (星兒星儿)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xīngr
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: singr
      • Wade–Giles: hsingrh1
      • Yale: syīngr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiengl
      • Palladius: синр (sinr)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щин (xin, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sing1, seng1
      • Yale: sīng, sēng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sing1, seng1
      • Guangdong Romanization: xing1, séng1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /sɛːŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • sing1 - literary;
  • seng1 - vernacular (uncommon).
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhiang1-4, lhen1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiaŋ³³⁻²¹/, /ɬen³³/
Note:
  • lhiang1-4 - vernacular;
  • lhen1 - literary.
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: xiang1 / xin1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiaŋ⁴²/, /ɕin⁴²/
Note:
  • xiang1 - vernacular;
  • xin1 - literary.
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
      • Hakka Romanization System: sen´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
      • Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: sên1
      • Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: xing1 / xi1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ¹¹/, /ɕi¹¹/
Note:
  • xing1 - literary;
  • xi1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 星宿).
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sáing
      • Sinological IPA (key): /saiŋ⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Hongmaogang, Dalinpu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tshinn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Lukang, Hongmaogang, Dalinpu): /t͡ɕʰĩ³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Changtai, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Singapore, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tshenn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰɛ̃³³/
      • IPA (Changtai, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: senn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: svef
      • IPA (Zhangpu): /sɛ̃⁵⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san
      • Tâi-lô: san
      • Phofsit Daibuun: safn
      • IPA (Longyan): /san³³⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangpu): /san⁵⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an): /san³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
      • Tâi-lô: sing
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
      • IPA (Zhangpu): /sɛŋ⁵⁵/
      • IPA (Hui'an): /seŋ³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
  • san - vernacular (limited, e.g. 零星);
  • seng - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cên1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰẽ³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: xin (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕɪɲ⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: sin1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /sin³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕin³³/

  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
MandarinBeijing/ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin/ɕiŋ²¹/
Jinan/ɕiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao/siŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou/siŋ²⁴/
Xi'an/ɕiŋ²¹/
Xining/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou/ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan/ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu/ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang/ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming/ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing/sin³¹/
Hefei/ɕin²¹/
JinTaiyuan/ɕi¹¹/ ~宿
/ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五~
Pingyao/ɕiŋ¹³/
/sei¹³/ 掃帚~
Hohhot/ɕĩŋ³¹/ 星~
/ɕi³¹/ 河~~
WuShanghai/ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou/sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/ɕin³³/
Wenzhou/seŋ³³/
HuiShexian/siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi/sɛ¹¹/
XiangChangsha/din³³/
Xiangtan/sian³³/
/sin³³/
GanNanchang/ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
/ɕin⁴²/ ~子縣
HakkaMeixian/sen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/sen²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/seŋ⁵³/
Nanning/ɬɛŋ⁵⁵/
/ɬeŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/siŋ⁵⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/siŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡sʰẽ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/seŋ²³/
/sɛ²³/

  • Middle Chinese: /seŋ/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (125)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()IV
Fanqie桑經切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/seŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/seŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sɛjŋ/
Li
Rong
/seŋ/
Wang
Li
/sieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sing1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsʰˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sleːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ seng ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tsʰˁeŋ/
Englishstar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.11371
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sleːŋ/
Notes説文曐或體

Definitions

Five-pointed star shape
  1. star; planet; heavenly body (Classifier: m;  c mn)
    星星   xīngxing   star
       héngxīng   (fixed) star
  2. star-shaped object
  3. star; celebrity
       míngxīng   bright star; celebrity
  4. weight marks on a steelyard
  5. a bit; a tiny bit
  6. tiny; minute
  7. whitish; white
  8. numerous and scattered everywhere; countless
  9. rapid; flying
  10. Synonym of 碰鈴碰铃 (pènglíng).
  11. (dated or informal) Short for 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō, “Singapore”).
    馬泰马泰   Xīng Mǎ Tài   Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
  12. a surname
Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (せい) (sei)
  • Korean: 성(星) (seong)
  • Vietnamese: tinh ()

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Xīng (Xing1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): sing1

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīng
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: Sing
      • Wade–Giles: Hsing1
      • Yale: Syīng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shing
      • Palladius: Син (Sin)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sing1
      • Yale: sīng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sing1
      • Guangdong Romanization: xing1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

  1. transliteration of Indian name Singh

Compounds

  • 阿星

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō )しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ほし (hoshi, , Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ほし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/posi//ɸoɕi//hoɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [hòshí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ɕi]

Noun

(ほし) (hoshi) 

  1. a star (luminous celestial body)
    Synonym: 恒星 (kōsei)
  2. a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)
  3. (tarot) the Star
  4. (loosely) a celestial body
    Synonym: 天体 (tentai)
  5. (by extension of a star's movement) time, years
  6. (sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout
  7. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various representations of stars
  8. a star (actor in a leading role)
  9. an objective
    Synonym: 目星 (meboshi)
  10. a kagura song sung at the end of a 御神楽 (mikagura)
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

Derived terms
See also
  • スター (sutā)

Proper noun

(ほし) (Hoshi) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
せい
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

The Singapore sense derives from the pre-World War Two kanji spelling 星加坡 (modern kanji spelling 新加坡) as borrowed from Chinese, itself a transliteration of Malay Singapura.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [se̞ː]
  • Note: the pitch accent for the suffix is determined by the entire term.

Proper noun

(せい) (Sei) 

  1. one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions in the Chinese system of constellations
  2. Short for シンガポール (Shingapōru): Singapore

Suffix

(せい) (-sei) 

  1. (loosely, especially fiction) attached to names of planets
    • 1996 February 20 [Feb 15 1988], Adachi, Mitsuru, “なにがなんだか 前編 [What’s What: First Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 256:
      ——あ、わたくしマキシムAGFです。リプトン(せい)からやってまいりました。()(きゅう)(さむ)さにおどろいてます。どぞよろしく。
      ——A, watakushi Makishimu Ējīefu desu. Riputon-sei kara yatte mairimashita. Chikyū no samusa ni odoroitemasu. Dozo yoroshiku.
      ——Oh, my name is Maxim AGF. I came here from planet Lipton. I’m still taken aback by Earth’s coldness. It is a pleasure to meet all of you.
Derived terms

Affix

(せい) (sei) 

  1. star, celestial body, (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  2. passing of time
  3. star, celebrity
Derived terms

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527별〯 (Yale: pyěl)셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: []

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 별 성 (byeol seong))

  1. Hanja form? of (star; planet).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

Noun

(posi) (kana ほし)

  1. a star

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

Derived terms

  • 彦星 (Pi1ko1posi, Altair)

Descendants

  • Japanese: (hoshi)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tình

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
随便看

 

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法,是外语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/7/11 23:17:58