旱

旱

旱 U+65F1, 旱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65F1 ← 旰 [U+65F0] CJK Unified Ideographs 旲 → [U+65F2]

Translingual

Han character

旱 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 日一十 (AMJ), four-corner 6040₁, composition ⿱日干)

Derived characters

• 哻 垾 娨 悍 捍 猂 晘 桿 焊 䏷 皔 睅 稈 䛞 貋 銲 駻 趕
• 㪋 䳚 𣊋 䓍 筸

See also

• 亁

References

• KangXi: page 490, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13752
• Dae Jaweon: page 851, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1486, character 8
• Unihan data for U+65F1

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訐	*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	*kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	*kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎	*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕	*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊	*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍	*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	*ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Etymology

From the same Proto-Sino-Tibetan root as 乾 (OC *kaːn, *ɡran, “dry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hon¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): han³
• Min Bei (KCR): uìng
• Min Dong (BUC): âng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ǒaⁿ / ōaⁿ / hōaⁿ / hān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uan⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhoe (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon⁵
    • Yale: hóhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: hon´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hon²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hɔn⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: han³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uiŋ⁴²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: âng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ǒaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: uǎnn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uã²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ōaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: uānn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: voa
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uã²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uã³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huānn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huã²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hān
    • Tâi-lô: hān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: han
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /han²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /han³³/

Note:

• ǒaⁿ/ōaⁿ/hōaⁿ - vernacular;
• hān - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: uan⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uăⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ũã³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhoe (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦø²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑn^X/

Rime
Character	旱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡笴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦanX/
Li Rong	/ɣɑnX/
Wang Li	/ɣɑnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤa[r]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hanX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁa[r]ʔ/
English	dry, drought
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3614
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旱
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːnʔ/

Definitions

旱

1. drought; dry spell; aridness

   防旱  ―  fánghàn  ―  to take precautions against drought

   • 旱既大甚，蘊隆蟲蟲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hàn jì dà shèn, yùnlóng chóngchóng. [Pinyin]

     The drought is excessive;
     Its fervours become more and more tormenting.

2. drought-stricken

   莊稼旱了／庄稼旱了  ―  zhuāngjià hàn le  ―  the crops are drought-stricken

   • 無限旱苗枯欲盡，悠悠閒處作奇峰。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     无限旱苗枯欲尽，悠悠闲处作奇峰。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 9th century, 來鵠, 雲

     Wúxiàn hàn miáo kū yù jìn, yōuyōu xián chù zuò qí fēng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (attributive) unrelated to water

   旱煙／旱烟  ―  hànyān  ―  tobacco (smoked in a long-stemmed Chinese pipe)

   旱傘／旱伞  ―  hànsǎn  ―  parasol

4. on land or not in a paddy field

   旱稻  ―  hàndào  ―  dry rice

   旱船  ―  hànchuán  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

5. land route

   起旱  ―  qǐhàn  ―  take an overland route

Synonyms

• (drought):

edit

Synonyms of 旱

亢旱 (kànghàn) (literary) 做旱 (Min Nan) 天旱 (tiānhàn) 年荒 (Min Nan)

歹年冬 (Min Nan) 水荒 (shuǐhuāng) 苦旱 (kǔhàn) (literary, Min Nan) 乾旱／干旱 (gānhàn)

天乾／天干 (Wu, Xiang) 天遭乾／天遭干 (Xiang) 旱災／旱灾 (hànzāi)

Dialectal synonyms of 旱 (“drought”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		旱
Mandarin	Beijing	旱
	Taiwan	旱
	Tianjin	旱, 乾旱
	Langfang	旱
	Chengde	旱
	Tangshan	旱
	Cangzhou	旱
	Baoding	旱
	Shijiazhuang	旱
	Ulanhot	旱
	Tongliao	乾
	Chifeng	旱
	Bayanhot	旱
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	旱, 乾旱
	Heihe	旱
	Qiqihar	旱
	Harbin	旱
	Jiamusi	旱
	Baicheng	旱
	Changchun	旱
	Tonghua	旱
	Shenyang	旱
	Dandong	旱
	Jinzhou	旱
	Dalian	乾, 旱
	Yantai	旱, 乾
	Yantai (Muping)	旱
	Qingdao	旱
	Lijin	旱
	Weifang (Weicheng)	旱
	Zhucheng	旱
	Shouguang	旱
	Rizhao	旱
	Jinan	旱
	Jining	乾旱
	Luoyang	旱
	Wanrong	旱
	Shangqiu	旱
	Zhengzhou	旱
	Kaifeng	旱
	Xinyang	乾
	Ankang	乾, 天乾
	Baihe	乾
	Hanzhong	乾
	Xi'an	旱, 乾
	Baoji	旱, 乾
	Yinchuan	旱
	Tianshui	旱, 乾
	Lanzhou	旱
	Dunhuang	旱
	Tianzhu	旱
	Xining	旱, 乾
	Hami	旱
	Ürümqi	旱
	Wuhan	旱, 乾
	Huanggang	乾
	Yichang	旱, 乾
	Xiangyang	旱, 乾, 乾旱
	Tianmen	乾
	Chengdu	旱, 乾, 天乾
	Nanchong	旱, 乾
	Dazhou	旱, 乾
	Hanyuan	乾
	Xichang	天乾
Zigong	旱, 天乾
Chongqing	乾, 旱, 乾旱, 天乾, 旱天
Lhasa	旱
Guiyang	天乾
Zunyi	天乾, 旱
Bijie	天乾, 乾, 乾旱
Liping	乾
Zhaotong	乾
Dali	乾, 旱, 乾旱
Kunming	旱, 天乾
Lancang	旱
Guilin	旱, 乾, 天乾, 天旱
Liuzhou	旱, 乾
Yizhou	旱
Tianlin (Langping)	旱
Xiangzhou (Nalu)	旱
Qinzhou (Longmengang)	旱
Jishou	天乾, 天旱
Changde	乾, 乾旱, 天乾
Yongzhou	乾, 天乾, 旱
Anqing	乾, 旱
Xuzhou	旱, 乾
Suqian	乾
Fuyang	旱
Wuhu	乾, 旱, 乾旱
Yangzhou	乾, 旱, 天乾
Lianyungang	旱, 乾
Huai'an	旱, 乾
Nanjing	天乾, 天旱
Hefei	乾, 乾旱
Bengbu	旱, 乾
Chuzhou	旱, 乾旱
Nantong	乾, 旱
Yancheng	乾, 旱, 天乾
Taizhou	旱
Cantonese	Guangzhou	旱
	Hong Kong	乾旱
	Macau	旱
	Foshan	旱, 旱天, 天旱
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	旱
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	旱
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	天旱, 旱天
	Taishan	天旱
	Dongguan	天旱
	Qingyuan	旱, 天旱
	Huaiji	旱
	Yangjiang	旱, 天旱
	Maoming (Xinpo)	旱, 天旱
	Zhanjiang	旱, 天旱
	Nanning	旱, 乾旱
	Yulin	旱, 天旱
	Baise	旱, 天旱
	Qinzhou	旱
Gan	Nanchang	乾, 旱
	Yongxiu	乾
	Yiyang, Jiangxi	乾
	Yichun	乾
	Fuzhou	乾, 旱, 乾旱
	Ji'an	乾, 旱
	Xianning (Maqiao)	乾
	Yueyang	乾
Hakka	Meixian	旱, 天旱
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	旱
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	旱
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	旱
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	旱
Jin	Taiyuan	旱
	Pingyao	旱
	Datong	旱, 天旱, 旱天
	Linfen	旱
	Changzhi	旱
	Hohhot	旱
	Baotou	旱
	Dongsheng	旱
	Haibowan	旱
	Zhangjiakou	旱
	Handan	旱
	Anyang	旱
	Suide	旱
	Shenmu	旱
Min Bei	Jian'ou	旱
Min Dong	Fuzhou	做旱, 苦旱, 旱
	Ningde	旱, 做旱
Min Nan	Xiamen	苦旱
	Quanzhou	苦旱
	Jinjiang	苦旱
	Zhangzhou	做旱, 旱
	Taipei	苦旱
	Taichung	苦旱
	Longyan	旱
	Chaozhou	旱
	Shantou	旱
	Jieyang	旱
	Haikou	旱
Puxian Min	Putian	苦旱
Min Zhong	Yong'an	旱
Wu	Shanghai	乾, 旱, 乾旱
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	旱
	Suzhou	天乾, 乾, 旱
	Wuxi	天乾, 乾
	Changshu	天乾
	Kunshan	旱
	Jiaxing	旱, 乾, 乾旱
	Changzhou	乾, 天乾
	Yixing	乾
	Jiangyin	乾
	Hangzhou	旱
	Shaoxing	旱, 曬
	Ningbo	旱, 天旱
	Cixi	旱
	Wenling	旱
	Wenzhou	大旱, 旱
	Lishui	旱, 曬
	Jinhua	曬, 旱
	Yiwu	曬
	Shangrao	旱
Xiang	Changsha	天乾, 天旱, 乾
	Xiangtan	乾, 旱
	Shaoyang	乾, 旱, 天乾
	Hengyang	乾, 旱, 天乾

Antonyms

• (dry): 澇／涝 (lào)

Compounds

Derived terms from 旱

久旱不雨 亢旱 (kànghàn) 伏旱 天旱 (tiānhàn) 抗旱 (kànghàn) 旱井 旱冰 (hànbīng) 旱地 (hàndì) 旱天 (hàntiān) 旱天雷 旱季 旱年 旱性植物 旱情 (hànqíng) 旱潦 旱生植物 旱田 (hàntián) 旱祭 旱秧田 旱稻 (hàndào)

旱船 旱船舞 旱苗 (hànmiáo) 旱苗得雨 旱象 旱路 (hànlù) 旱道 (hàndào) 旱魃 (hànbá) 旱麓 枯旱 水旱 (shuǐhàn) 水旱不收 涔旱 秋旱 耐旱 苦旱 (kǔhàn) 荒旱 起旱 跑旱船 (pǎohànchuán) 遍地荒旱

乾旱／干旱 (gānhàn) 大旱雲霓／大旱云霓 (dàhànyúnní) 撐旱船／撑旱船 旱傘／旱伞 (hànsǎn) 旱橋／旱桥 旱澇／旱涝 (hànlào) 旱澇保收／旱涝保收 旱災／旱灾 (hànzāi) 旱煙／旱烟 (hànyān) 旱煙筒／旱烟筒 旱煙袋／旱烟袋 (hànyāndài) 旱獺／旱獭 (hàntǎ) 旱稻兒／旱稻儿 旱軍／旱军 旱道兒／旱道儿 旱魃為虐／旱魃为虐 旱鴨子／旱鸭子 (hànyāzi) 水旱碼頭／水旱码头 蟲霜水旱／虫霜水旱

References

• “Entry #3226”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

---

Japanese

Kanji

旱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)
• Kun: ひでり (hideri, 旱)

Compounds

• 旱魃

Etymology 1

/hi₁deri/: *pideri > ɸideri > çideri. The nominalization of the verb 日照る (hideru).

Alternative forms

• 日照り

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [çideri]

Noun

旱(ひでり) • (hideri) 

1. a sunny day
2. a lack of water due to continuous sunny weather; a drought

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
旱
かん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 旱 (MC ɦɑn^X).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

旱(かん) • (kan) 

1. drought; dry weather

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旱 (MC ɦɑn^X).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅡᆫ〯 (Yale: hhan) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 한〯 (hǎn) (Yale: han) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource旱 (eumhun 가물 한 (gamul han))

1. Hanja form^? of 한 (“drought”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 한재 (旱災, hanjae)
• 대한 (大旱, daehan)
• 한발 (旱魃, hanbal)
• 한해 (旱害, hanhae)
• 한귀 (旱鬼, han'gwi)
• 한수 (旱水, hansu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

旱: Hán Nôm readings: hạn, khan

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.