日向

日向

Chinese

		day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)	direction; part; side direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to
simp. and trad. (日向)		日	向
anagram		向日

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日向.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Rìxiàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat⁶ hoeng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Rìxiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Rìhsiàng
    • Wade–Giles: Jih⁴-hsiang⁴
    • Yale: R̀-syàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ryhshianq
    • Palladius: Жисян (Žisjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕjɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jat⁶ hoeng³
    • Yale: yaht heung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁹ hoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed⁶ hêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚² hœːŋ³³/

Proper noun

日向

1. (～市) Hyūga (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)
2. (historical) Hyūga (a World War II battleship)

---

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
日	向
ひ Grade: 1	なた Grade: 3
kun’yomi	irregular

Compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”).

The ta element is found in terms such as あなた (anata, “you”, originally “that side (distant)”), そなた (sonata, “you”, archaic; originally “that side (nearby)”).[1]

Alternative forms

• 日なた

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) ひなた [hìnátá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [çina̠ta̠]

Noun

日(ひ)向(なた) • (hinata) 

1. the direction the sun is shining
   • c. 1061, Sagami-shū (poem 525)

     さしてこしひなたの山(やま)を頼(たの)むには目(め)も明(あき)らかに見(み)えざらめやは

     sashite koshi hinata no yama o tanomu ni wa me mo akiraka ni miezarame ya wa

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. a sunny spot or place

   Antonym: 日陰 (hikage)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 日向(ひなた)雨(あめ) (hinata ame, “sun shower”)
• 日向(ひなた)臭(くさ)い (hinatakusai, “smelling of being in the sun → hickish, countrified, unsophisticated”)
• 日向(ひなた)ぼこ (hinata-boko), 日向(ひなた)ぼっこ (hinata-bokko), 日向(ひなた)ぼこり (hinata-bokori, “basking in the sun”)
• 日向(ひなた)水(みず) (hinatamizu, “water warmed in the sun”)
• 日向(ひなた)紋(もん) (hinata mon, “'sunny' family seal”, where the design is done mostly in white)
• 陰(かげ)日向(ひなた) (kagehinata, “double-faced”)

Idiom

• 日向(ひなた)に氷(こおり) (hinata ni kōri, “ice in sun → melting → gradually disappearing”)
• 陰(かげ)になり日向(ひなた)になり (kage ni nari hinata ni nari)
• 夏(なつ)は日向(ひなた)を行(ゆ)け冬(ふゆ)は日(ひ)陰(かげ)を行(ゆ)け (natsu wa hinata o yuke fuyu wa hikage o yuke)

Proper noun

日(ひ)向(なた) • (Hinata) 

1. a placename
2. a female given name
3. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
日	向
ひゅうが
Grade: 1	Grade: 3
irregular

⟨pi₁muka⟩ → */pʲimuka/ → /ɸimuka/ → /ɸiũɡa/ → /hjuːɡa/

Shift from Old Japanese 日向 (Pi₁muka → Himuka).[1][2]

Equivalent to a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• IPA^(key): [çɨᵝːɡa̠]

Proper noun

日向(ひゅうが) • (Hyūga) ^{←ひうが (fiuga)?}

1. a placename, especially:
   1. (historical) Short for 日向国 (Hyūga-no-kuni): Hyūga Province, an old province of Japan, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyushu

      Synonym: 日州 (Nisshū)

   2. Short for 日向市 (Hyūga-shi): the city of Hyūga in Miyazaki Prefecture
2. (historical) an Ise-class battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II (see Japanese battleship Hyūga on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)
3. a surname
4. a female given name

Derived terms

• 日向(ひゅうが)灘(なだ) (Hyūganada)
• 日向(ヒュウガ)夏(ナツ) (hyūganatsu, “hyuganatsu”, Citrus × tamurana, a kind of citrus fruit)
• 日向(ヒュウガ)水(ミズ)木(キ) (hyūga mizuki)
• 伊勢(いせ)や日向(ひゅうが) (Ise ya Hyūga)

Noun

日向(ひゅうが) • (hyūga) ^{←ひうが (fiuga)?}

1. (archaic) facing (opposite) the sun

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
日	向
ひるが
Grade: 1	Grade: 3
irregular

Unknown, possibly a sound change from Old Japanese 日向 (pi₁muka → himuka); however, the /-mu-/ → /-ɾ̠u-/ shift is unlikely.

Alternatively, the spelling may be ateji (当て字), with the hiru portion equating to 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), and the ga of uncertain derivation. Compare 春日 (Kasuga).

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• IPA^(key): [çiɾɯ̟ᵝɡa̠]

Proper noun

日向(ひるが) • (Hiruga) 

1. Short for 日向湖 (Hiruga-ko): one of the 三方五湖 (Mikata Goko, “Five Lakes of Mikata”) in Fukui Prefecture

Etymology 4

Other various nanori readings.

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
日	向
にち > にっ Grade: 1	こう Grade: 3
on’yomi

日(にっ)向(こう) • (Nikkō) ^{←にちかう (nitikau)?}

1. a surname

日向(ひうが) • (Hiuga) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひがの) • (Higano) 

1. a surname

Kanji in this term
日	向
ひ Grade: 1	こう Grade: 3
yutōyomi

日(ひ)向(こう) • (Hikō) ^{←ひかう (fikau)?}

1. a surname

日向(ひな) • (Hina) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひなだ) • (Hinada) 

1. a placename

Kanji in this term
日	向
ひ Grade: 1	む(かい) Grade: 3
kun’yomi

日(ひ)向(むかい) • (Himukai) ^{←ひむかひ (fimukafi)?}

1. a placename
2. a surname

日向(ひむか) • (Himuka) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

日向(ひむき) • (Himuki) 

1. a surname

日向(ひゅが) • (Hyuga) 

1. a surname

See also

• 日向(ひむ)かい (himukai)
• 東(ひがし) (higashi, “east”)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Anagrams

• 向日(むこう) (Mukō)

---

Old Japanese

Etymology

From the Nihon Shoki (720 CE):

幸子湯縣、遊于丹裳小野。時東望之謂左右曰「是國也直向於日出方。」故號其國曰日向也。

The Emperor [Keikō] visited Ko₁yu and enjoyed himself at Nimono₂wono₁. At this time, he looked east and proclaimed left and right, “This province exactly faces the sun at its rising.” Therefore, this province was named Pi₁muka.

Compound of 日 (pi₁, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face (a direction)”).

Proper noun

日向 (Pi₁muka) (kana ひむか)

1. Short for 日向國 (Pi₁muka-no₂-kuni): a province in ancient Japan, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyushu
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 103)

     摩蘇餓豫蘇餓能古羅破宇摩奈羅麼譬武伽能古摩多智奈羅麼勾禮能摩差比宇倍之訶茂蘇餓能古羅烏於朋枳瀰能菟伽破須羅志枳

     ma-So₁ga yo₂ So₁ga no₂ ko₁ra pa uma naraba Pi₁muka no₂ ko₁ma tati naraba Kure no₂ ma-sapi₁ ubesi ka mo So₁ga no₂ ko₁ra wo opoki₁mi₁ no₂ tukapasurasiki₁

     Oh true Soga! The sons of Soga, if they were horses, would be steeds of Himuka, if they were swords, would be blades of Kure! Thus it is fitting, that the sons of Soga should be in service of the great lord.[1]

Descendants

• Japanese: 日向 (Hyūga)

See also

• 東 (*pimukasi, “east”)

References

1. Torquil Duthie (2014) Man'yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan (Brill's Japanese Studies Library), reprint edition, BRILL, →ISBN, pages 227-228