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单词 族
释义

族

族 U+65CF, 族
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65CF
← 旎
[U+65CE]		CJK Unified Ideographs旐 →
[U+65D0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

族 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人人大 (YSOOK), four-corner 08234, composition ⿸𭤨矢)

Derived characters

  • 嗾, 𢳇, 㵀, 𪼕, 䃚, 𨄕, 鏃(镞), 𩻀, 𪟒, 𡻬, 𢩜, 蔟, 瘯, 簇, 𫦓, 𢄧, 𢳈, 𧐈, 𩀥, 𩺯, 鷟(𬸦)

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 484, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13661
  • Dae Jaweon: page 846, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2181, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65CF

Chinese

trad.族
simp. #族
alternative forms
 
㞺
𥎩
𥎼
𥎽
𥏁
㞺
𥎩
𥎼
𥎽
𥏁
𫞀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (族) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔟*sʰoːɡs, *sʰoːɡ
嗾*sʰoːɡs, *soːʔ, *soːɡs
鷟*zroːɡ
鏃*ʔsoːɡ
瘯*sʰoːɡ
簇*sʰoːɡ
族*zoːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 㫃 (“flag”) + 矢 (“arrow”).

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zú (zu2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): quo2 / cu2 / qu2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зў (zw, II)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zuk6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): duuk5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): cuh6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhu̍k
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cug6
  • Jin (Wiktionary): cueh5
  • Min Bei (KCR): cù
  • Min Dong (BUC): cŭk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): cho̍k / cha̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zog8
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zoq (T5)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): cou6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zú
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zú
      • Wade–Giles: tsu2
      • Yale: dzú
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwu
      • Palladius: цзу (czu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: quo2 / cu2 / qu2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiuo / cu / ky
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰyo²¹/, /t͡sʰu²¹/, /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зў (zw, II)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁵¹/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zuk6
      • Yale: juhk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk9
      • Guangdong Romanization: zug6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: duuk5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɵk̚³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: cuh6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuʔ⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k
      • Hakka Romanization System: cug
      • Hagfa Pinyim: cug6
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: cug6
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: cueh5
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuəʔ⁵⁴/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cù
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁴²/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cŭk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suʔ⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho̍k
      • Tâi-lô: tso̍k
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zok
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍k
      • Tâi-lô: tsa̍k
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zak
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sak̚⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zog8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tso̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sok̚⁴/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zoq (T5)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥ʊʔ¹²/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: cou6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
族
MandarinBeijing/t͡su³⁵/
Harbin/t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin/t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan/t͡su⁴²/
Qingdao/t͡su⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡su⁴²/
Xi'an/t͡sou²⁴/
Xining/t͡ɕy²¹³/
Yinchuan/t͡sʰu¹³/
/t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou/t͡sʰu¹³/
Ürümqi/t͡sʰu⁵¹/
Wuhan/t͡sʰəu²¹³/
Chengdu/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡sʰu³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming/t͡sʰu³¹/
Nanjing/t͡sʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei/t͡sʰuəʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/t͡sʰuəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao/t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot/t͡suəʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/zoʔ¹/
Suzhou/zoʔ³/
Hangzhou/zoʔ²/
Wenzhou/jɤu²¹³/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰu²²/
Tunxi/t͡sʰəu¹¹/
XiangChangsha/t͡sʰəu²⁴/
Xiangtan/t͡sʰəɯ²⁴/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰuʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰuk̚⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sok̚²/
Nanning/t͡suk̚²²/
Hong Kong/t͡suk̚²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡sɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡suʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡su⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡sok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/tok̚³/
  • Middle Chinese: /d͡zuk̚/
Rime
Character族
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)從 (15)
Final (韻)東 (3)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie昨木切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/d͡zuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/d͡zuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/d͡zuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/d͡zəwk̚/
Li
Rong		/d͡zuk̚/
Wang
Li		/d͡zuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zuk6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zoːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character族
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zú
Middle
Chinese		‹ dzuwk ›
Old
Chinese		/*[dz]ˁok/
Englishclan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character族
Reading #1/1
No.17980
Phonetic
component		族
Rime
group		屋
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		族
Old
Chinese		/*zoːɡ/
Notes甲文或從二矢，
象令旗麾矢蔟集，
爲蔟初文，說文訓鏃則與從方二矢脫節

Definitions

族

  1. clan; family clan; tribe
  2. ethnic group; nationality
  3. group or class of things with common features
  4. (historical) to impose a death penalty on an offender and his entire family, and even on the families of his mother and wife
  5. (Taiwan, specifically) the Taiwanese indigenous peoples

Compounds

Derived terms from 族

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zòu (zou4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄡˋ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zòu
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄡˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zòu
      • Wade–Giles: tsou4
      • Yale: dzòu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzow
      • Palladius: цзоу (czou)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

族

  1. † Alternative form of 奏 (zòu).
    • 文久而滅，節族久而絶。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      文久而灭，节族久而绝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
      Wén jiǔ ér miè, jié zòu jiǔ ér jué. [Pinyin]
      Culture persists for a long time and then is extinguished; regulations persist for a long time and then cease.
    • 親莫親於骨肉，節族之屬連也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      亲莫亲于骨肉，节族之属连也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
      Qīn mò qīn yú gǔròu, jié zòu zhī shǔ lián yě. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Japanese

Kanji

族

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tribe
  2. family

Readings

  • Go-on: ぞく (zoku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: そく (soku)
  • On: そう (sō)
  • Kun: やから (yakara, 族)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
族
ぞく
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 族 (MC d͡zuk̚).

Pronunciation

    • On’yomi: Goon
      • (Tokyo) ぞ​く [zóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
      • IPA(key): [d͡zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
    • Homophones: 属, 粟, 続

    Noun

    族(ぞく) • (zoku) 

    1. (chemistry) a group (column in the periodic table)
    2. (taxonomy) a tribe
    Derived terms
    Derived terms
    • 族(ぞく)縁(えん) (zokuen)
    • 族(ぞく)称(しょう) (zokushō)
    • 族(ぞく)生(せい) (zokusei)
    • 族(ぞく)籍(せき) (zokuseki)
    • 族(ぞく)長(ちょう) (zokuchō)
    • 族(ぞく)滅(めつ) (zokumetsu)
    • 亜(あ)族(ぞく) (azoku)
    • 蟻(あり)族(ぞく) (arizoku)
    • 遺(い)族(ぞく) (izoku)
    • 一(いち)族(ぞく) (ichizoku)
    • 姻(いん)族(ぞく) (inzoku)
    • 王(おう)族(ぞく) (ōzoku)
    • 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
    • 華(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
    • 回(かい)族(ぞく) (kaizoku)
    • 漢(かん)族(ぞく) (kanzoku)
    • 貴(き)族(ぞく) (kizoku)
    • 九(きゅう)族(ぞく) (kyūzoku)
    • 旧(きゅう)族(ぞく) (kyūzoku)
    • 血(けつ)族(ぞく) (ketsuzoku)
    • 語(ご)族(ぞく) (gozoku)
    • 皇(こう)族(ぞく) (kōzoku)
    • 豪(ごう)族(ぞく) (gōzoku)
    • 氏(し)族(ぞく) (shizoku)
    • 士(し)族(ぞく) (shizoku)
    • 枝(し)族(ぞく), 支(し)族(ぞく) (shizoku)
    • 種(しゅ)族(ぞく) (shuzoku)
    • 親(しん)族(ぞく) (shinzoku)
    • 神(しん)族(ぞく) (shinzoku)
    • 宗(そう)族(ぞく) (sōzoku)
    • 卒(そつ)族(ぞく) (sotsuzoku)
    • 同(どう)族(ぞく) (dōzoku)
    • 閥(ばつ)族(ぞく) (batsuzoku)
    • 蕃(ばん)族(ぞく) (banzoku)
    • 蛍(ほたる)族(ぞく) (hotaruzoku)
    • 魔(ま)族(ぞく) (mazoku)
    • 民(みん)族(ぞく) (minzoku)
    • 族(ぞく)外(がい)婚(こん) (zokugaikon)
    • 族(ぞく)議(ぎ)員(いん) (zokugiin)
    • 族(ぞく)内(ない)婚(こん) (zokunaikon)
    • 核(かく)家(か)族(ぞく) (kakukazoku)
    • 社(しゃ)用(よう)族(ぞく) (shayōzoku)
    • 深(しん)夜(や)族(ぞく) (shin'yazoku)
    • 大(だい)家(か)族(ぞく) (daikazoku)
    • 多(た)民(みん)族(ぞく) (taminzoku)
    • 転(てん)勤(きん)族(ぞく) (tenkinzoku)
    • 一(ひと)家(か)族(ぞく) (hitokazoku)
    • 暴(ぼう)走(そう)族(ぞく) (bōsōzoku)
    • かに族(ぞく) (kanizoku)
    • ながら族(ぞく), 乍(なが)ら族(ぞく) (nagarazoku)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    族
    やから
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 族 – see the following entry.
    【やから】
    [noun] 族: (etymology, archaic, obsolete) people of the same lineage; family, clan, kin
    [noun] (dialectal) dissatisfaction, complaint, or someone who complains or provokes a dispute [from early 17th c.]
    Alternative spellings
    族, 輩
    (This term, 族, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Chinese 族 (MC d͡zuk̚).

    Recorded as Middle Korean 쪽〮 (Yale: ccwok) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Recorded as Middle Korean 𫞀 (𫞀)/족〮 (cwók) (Yale: cwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    Wikisource族 (eumhun 겨레 족 (gyeore jok))

    1. Hanja form? of 족 (“clan; tribe; ethnic group”).
    2. Hanja form? of 족 (“group or class of things with common features”).
    Compounds
    Compounds
    • 족당 (族黨, jokdang)
    • 족류 (族類, jongnyu)
    • 족보 (族譜, jokbo)
    • 족속 (族屬, joksok)
    • 족손 (族孫, jokson)
    • 족숙 (族叔, joksuk)
    • 족장 (族長, jokjang)
    • 가족 (家族, gajok)
    • 각족 (殼族, gakjok)
    • 거족 (擧族, geojok)
    • 귀족 (貴族, gwijok)
    • 동족 (同族, dongjok)
    • 망족 (望族, mangjok)
    • 모족 (毛族, mojok)
    • 목족 (睦族, mokjok)
    • 묘족 (苗族, myojok)
    • 민족 (民族, minjok)
    • 반족 (班族, banjok)
    • 벌족 (閥族, beoljok)
    • 부족 (部族, bujok)
    • 씨족 (氏族, ssijok)
    • 어족 (語族, eojok)
    • 왕족 (王族, wangjok)
    • 외족 (外族, oejok)
    • 유족 (遺族, yujok)
    • 종족 (種族, jongjok)
    • 친족 (親族, chinjok)
    • 혈족 (血族, hyeoljok)
    • 호족 (豪族, hojok)
    • 황족 (皇族, hwangjok)
    • 회족 (回族, hoejok)
    • 족대부 (族大父, jokdaebu)
    • 족조부 (族祖父, jokjobu)
    • 족형제 (族兄弟, jokhyeongje)
    • 귀족원 (貴族院, gwijogwon)
    • 수족관 (水族館, sujokgwan)
    • 대가족 (大家族, daegajok)
    • 방향족 (芳香族, banghyangjok)
    • 이민족 (異民族, iminjok)
    • 지방족 (脂肪族, jibangjok)
    • 핵가족 (核家族, haekgajok)
    • 민족주의 (民族主義, minjokjuui)

    Hanja

    族 (eumhun 풍류 가락 주 (pungnyu garak ju))

    1. (archaic) Hanja form? of 주 (“to perform music”).
    2. Alternative form of 嗾 (嗾)
    Synonyms
    • (to perform music): 奏 (주 (ju))

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    族: Hán Việt readings: tộc (昨(tạc)木(mộc)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    族: Nôm readings: tọc[3][6][4][5][7], tộc[1][2][4][7], sộc[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of tộc (“family name; clan”).
    2. Nôm form of tọc (“only used in certain compounds such as 族脈 (tọc mạch)”).

    Compounds

    Compounds
    • 種族 (chủng tộc)
    • 民族 (dân tộc)
    • 家族 (gia tộc)
    • 語族 (ngữ tộc)
    • 宗族 (tông tộc)
    • 族脈 (tọc mạch)

    References

    1. Nguyễn (2014).
    2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. Trần (2004).
    4. Bonet (1899).
    5. Génibrel (1898).
    6. Hồ (1976).
    7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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