旃荼羅

旃荼羅

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (旃荼羅)		旃	荼	羅
simp. (旃荼罗)		旃	荼	罗

Etymology

Phonetic borrowing from Sanskrit चण्डाल (caṇḍāla), Pali caṇḍāla. Chiefly attested in Buddhist literature.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāntúluó

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāntúluó
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhantúluó
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹-tʻu²-lo²
    • Yale: jān-tú-lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jantwuluo
    • Palladius: чжаньтуло (čžanʹtulo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ lwɔ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇn  ɖˠa  lɑ/

Rime
Character	旃	荼	羅
Reading #	1/1	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	澄 (11)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	麻 (98)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	I
Fanqie	諸延切	宅加切	魯何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇn/	/ɖˠa/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/ɖᵚa/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cian/	/ɖaɨ/	/la/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/	/ȡʱa/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān	chá	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin1	caa4	lo4

Noun

旃荼羅

1. (historical, ancient India) outcast; caṇḍāla (person an ostracised social stratum)