於
See also: 于
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
- The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方 or 㫃 (see below).
Han character
於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人卜 (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))
Descendants
- お
- オ
- 𛀔
- 𛀕
References
- KangXi: page 481, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
- Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
- Unihan data for U+65BC
Chinese
| trad. | 於/于* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 于* | |
| alternative forms | 扵 | |
| The preposition senses. | ||
| simp. and trad. | 於 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 扵 | |
| Other senses. | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 於 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (於) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 閼 | *qran, *qeːn, *qaːd, *qad |
| 菸 | *qeːn, *qas |
| 於 | *qaː, *qa |
| 淤 | *qa, *qas |
| 箊 | *qa |
| 唹 | *qa |
| 扵 | *qa |
| 瘀 | *qas |
| 棜 | *qas |
From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃.
Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses.
Etymology
- Preposition
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.).
- Prefix in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘
- Variant of 阿 (OC *qaːl, “prefix in kinship terms and personal names”) (ibid.).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
於
- (indicates time or place) in; at; on
- Synonym: 在 (zài)
- 生於1980年／生于1980年 ― shēng yú 1980 nián ― born in 1980
- 峰會將於北京舉行。 [MSC, trad.]
- Fēnghuì jiāng yú běijīng jǔxíng. [Pinyin]
- The summit will be held in Beijing.
峰会将于北京举行。 [MSC, simp.]
- (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
- 求助於人／求助于人 ― qiúzhù yú rén ― to ask people for help
- 不滿足於現狀／不满足于现状 ― bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng ― not satisfied with the status quo
- 有益於健康／有益于健康 ― yǒuyì yú jiànkāng ― good for health
- 己所不欲，勿施於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]
- Do not do unto others what you would not like others to do unto yourself.
己所不欲，勿施于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- 子禽問於子貢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐqín wèn yú Zǐgòng. [Pinyin]
- Zi Qin asked Zi Gong.
子禽问于子贡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 目前總的國際形勢和國內形勢於我們有利，於侵略者不利。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1950, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《给中国人民志愿军的命令》 (Order to the Chinese People's Volunteers), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Mùqián zǒng de guójì xíngshì hé guónèi xíngshì yú wǒmen yǒulì, yú qīnlüèzhě bùlì. [Pinyin]
- At present, the international and domestic situation as a whole is favourable to us, not to the aggressors.
目前总的国际形势和国内形势于我们有利，于侵略者不利。 [MSC, simp.]
- (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
- 獻身於革命事業／献身于革命事业 ― xiànshēn yú gémìng shìyè ― to be devoted to the revolution
- 致力於創新／致力于创新 ― zhìlì yú chuàngxīn ― to be committed to innovation
- 病情趨向於穩定。／病情趋向于稳定。 ― Bìngqíng qūxiàng yú wěndìng. ― The condition [of the patient] is stabilizing.
- (indicates beginning or source) from
- 源於／源于 ― yuányú ― to originate from
- 他畢業於復旦大學。 [MSC, trad.]
- Tā bìyè yú Fùdàn Dàxué. [Pinyin]
- He graduated from Fudan University.
他毕业于复旦大学。 [MSC, simp.]
- 千里之行，始於足下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
- Qiānlǐ zhī xíng, shǐyú zú xià. [Pinyin]
- a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
千里之行，始于足下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (indicates the agent of action) by
- 限於條件／限于条件 ― xiàn yú tiáojiàn ― limited by circumstances
- 郤克傷於矢，流血及屨。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Xì Kè shāng yú shǐ, liúxuè jí jù. [Pinyin]
- Xi Ke was wounded by an arrow, till the blood ran down to his shoes
郤克伤于矢，流血及屦。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 勞心者治人，勞力者治於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Láoxīn zhě zhì rén, láolì zhě zhì yú rén. [Pinyin]
- Those who labour with their minds govern others; those who labour with their strength are governed by others.
劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (indicates comparison) than
- 血濃於水／血浓于水 ― xuènóngyúshuǐ ― blood is thicker than water
- 苛政猛於虎／苛政猛于虎 ― kēzhèngměngyúhǔ ― oppressive governments are more terrible than tigers
- 蜀道之難、難於上青天。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 李白, 《蜀道難》; translated by Betty Tseng
- Shǔdào zhī nán, nán yú shàng qīngtiān. [Pinyin]
- The daunting route into the region of Shu is more daunting than climbing the sky.
蜀道之难、难于上青天。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
- 至於／至于 ― zhìyú ― as to
- 屬於／属于 ― shǔyú ― to belong to
- 樂於助人／乐于助人 ― yuè yú zhùrén ― to be willing to help others
- 敢於承擔責任／敢于承担责任 ― gǎn yú chéngdān zérèn ― to dare to assume responsibility
- a surname
Compounds
Derived terms from 於
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
於
- Alternative form of 烏／乌 (wū, “crow; raven”).
- Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”).
- Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 於
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Japanese
Kanji
於
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings)
Readings
- Go-on: お (o); う (u)
- Kan-on: よ (yo); お (o)←を (wo, historical)
- Kun: おいて (oite, 於いて); あう (au); より (yori)
Korean
Hanja
於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Hanja
於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
於: Hán Việt readings: ư[1][2][3]
於: Nôm readings: ơ[1][2][3][4], ở[1][2][3][4], ưa[1][2][3][4], ờ[1][2][3], ư[1][3], ớ[1][3], ô[3], ứ[3], thờ[3]
- Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Hồ (1976).