新疆

新疆

Chinese

		new; newly; meso- (chem.)	border; boundary
trad. (新疆)		新	疆
simp. #(新疆)		新	疆
Literally: “new territory”.

Etymology

The first instance of a Qing emperor referring to the region now known as Xinjiang as 新疆 is found in the foreword of 欽定新疆識略 written by the Daoguang Emperor in 1820. Prior to that, the region now known as Xinjiang was referred to as 西域 (Xīyù, literally “Western Regions”), a name used since the Han dynasty, or 西域新疆 (literally “new territory of the West Regions”), used since 1760. The word 新疆 then did not specifically refer to that region (Li, 1981).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xīnjiāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): san¹ goeng¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhin¹ giang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): 'xin¹ jiong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sîn-kiông

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xin¹ giong¹

• Min Dong (BUC): Sĭng-giŏng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sin-kiong / Sin-kiang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹ giang¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): xin jian (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjiang
    • Wade–Giles: Hsin¹-chiang¹
    • Yale: Syīn-jyāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiang
    • Palladius: Синьцзян (Sinʹczjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san¹ goeng¹
    • Yale: sān gēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ goeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ gêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhin¹ giang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬin³³ kiaŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'xin¹ jiong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈɕin⁴² t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kiông
    • Hakka Romanization System: xin´ giong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xin¹ giong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕin²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯oŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xin¹ giong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕin⁴⁴ ciɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Sĭng-giŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kiong
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinkiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /ɕin³³ kiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kiang
    • Tâi-lô: Sin-kiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinkiafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing¹ giang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xin jian (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɪɲ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiã²¹/

Proper noun

新疆

1. (～維吾爾自治區, formerly ～省) Xinjiang (a Uygur autonomous region and former province in far western China; capital: Ürümqi)

   • 是故重新疆者所以保蒙古，保蒙古者所以衛京師。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是故重新疆者所以保蒙古，保蒙古者所以卫京师。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1877, Zuo Zongtang, 遵旨統籌全局摺

     Shìgù zhòng Xīnjiāng zhě suǒyǐ bǎo Ménggǔ, bǎo Ménggǔ zhě suǒyǐ wèi Jīngshī. [Pinyin]

     Thus, attaching importance to Xinjiang is the way to safeguard Mongolia, and safeguarding Mongolia is the way to defend the capital.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (新疆):

• → Japanese: 新疆(しんきょう) (Shinkyō)
• → Korean: 신강(新疆) (Sin'gang)
• → Vietnamese: Tân Cương (新疆)

Others:

• → English: Xinjiang, Sinkiang, Hsin-chiang
• → Kazakh: Шынжаң (Şynjañ), شىنجاڭ‎ (xinjyang)
• → Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ (sinǰiyaŋ), Шиньжян (Šinʹžjan)
• → Russian: Синьцзя́н (Sinʹczján)
• → Sichuan Yi: ꑟꏦ (xi jie)
• → Tatar: Шеңҗан (Şeñcan)
• → Uyghur: شىنجاڭ‎ (shinjang), Шинҗаң (Shinjang)
• → Written Oirat: ᠱᡅᠨᡓᡅᡕᠠᡊ (šinǰiyang)
• → Zhuang: Sinhgyangh
• → Yakut: Синдьээҥ (Sinceeŋ)

Noun

新疆

1. (historical) new territory

See also

• 回疆 (Huíjiāng)
• 新界 (Xīnjiè, “New Territories”)
• 屬國／属国 (shǔguó, “vassal state”)
• 東突厥斯坦／东突厥斯坦 (Dōng Tūjuésītǎn, “East Turkestan”), 東土耳其斯坦／东土耳其斯坦 (Dōng Tǔ'ěrqísītǎn, “East Turkestan”)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
新	疆
しん Grade: 2	きょう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Proper noun

新(しん)疆(きょう) • (Shinkyō) 

1. Xinjiang

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Korean

Hanja in this term
新	疆

Proper noun

新疆 • (Sin'gang) (hangeul 신강)

1. Hanja form^? of 신강 (“Xinjiang”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
新	疆

Proper noun

新疆

1. chữ Hán form of Tân Cương (“Xinjiang”).