斟

斟	U+659F, 斟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-659F

← 斞
[U+659E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

斠 →
[U+65A0]

Translingual

Han character

斟 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿女卜十 (TVYJ), four-corner 4470₀, composition ⿰甚斗)

References

KangXi: page 478, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13517
Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2255, character 2
Unihan data for U+659F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湛	ʔl'uːm, r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	l̥ʰuːmʔ, l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	kʰluːm, ʔl'umʔ
嵁	kʰluːm, ŋɡluːm, ŋɡluːmʔ, sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	kʰluːmʔ, kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	ɡljumʔ, ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kljum) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 斗 (“dipper; cup”).

Etymology 1

trad.		斟
simp. ^#		斟

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chim
(Teochew, Peng'im): zim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
  - Wade–Giles: chên¹
  - Yale: jēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zam¹
  - Yale: jām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
  - Tâi-lô: tsim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪm/

Rime
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[q][ə]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*kljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[q][ə]m/
English	deliberate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斟
Reading #	1/1
No.	11291
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kljum/

Definitions

斟

to pour (a drink) into drinkware
你可唔可以幫我斟杯茶啊？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你可唔可以帮我斟杯茶啊？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ ho² m⁴ ho² ji⁵ bong¹ ngo⁵ zam¹ bui¹ caa⁴ aa³? [Jyutping]
Could you pour me a cup of tea?
^† (figurative) to consider; to deliberate

Compounds

字斟句酌
斟愖 (zhēnchén)
斟酌 (zhēnzhuó)
斟酒 (zhēnjiǔ)

斟量
斟酌損益／斟酌损益
淺斟低唱／浅斟低唱
淺斟低謳／浅斟低讴

淺斟低酌／浅斟低酌
滿斟／满斟
自斟自飲／自斟自饮

Etymology 2

trad.		斟
simp. ^#		斟
alternative forms		漛滕

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): thîn

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thîn
  - Tâi-lô: thîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰin²³/

Definitions

斟

(Hokkien) to pour (a drink) into drinkware
(Xiamen, Quanzhou) to drink alcohol

References

“斟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

斟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): しん (shin)
Kun: くむ (kumu); くみかわす (kumikawasu)

Korean

Hanja

斟 (eum 짐 (jim))

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Vietnamese

Han character

斟: Hán Nôm readings: châm

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