斗
See also: 鬥 and 头
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Japanese | 闘 |
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| Simplified | 斗 |
| Traditional | 鬥/鬭 |
Han character
斗 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜十 (YJ), four-corner 34000, composition ⿻⿻㇀丨⺀)
- Kangxi radical #68, ⽃.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/斗
- 𬽫, 呌, 㘰, 𡯏, 㞳, 𢗸, 㳆, 𭷾, 阧, 䢏, 𪰍, 枓, 𭮃, 𣬯, 炓, 𤓺, 㸯, 㺶, 𦙒, 𤯘, 䀞, 𥐿, 科, 𧘞, 𭑎, 紏, 蚪, 𧠕, 䚵(𬣟), 𧴼, 﨣, 𧿫, 酙, 𬻢, 𠒚, 鈄(钭), 𫖗, 𬖠, 𩫄, 𩰮, 魁, 𩵬, 𩿚, 𪌉, 𣙞, 𪖘, 𮯁
- 𩑯, 𬷄, 乧, 𣃜, 𥁇, 㖍, 𡗴, 𡰷, 戽, 𦮜, 𫁵, 𮪿, 𪚛, 閗(𫔯), 鬦
References
- KangXi: page 477, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13489
- Dae Jaweon: page 835, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2252, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6597
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 斗 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (斗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 斗 | *toːʔ |
| 抖 | *toːʔ |
| 蚪 | *toːʔ |
| 枓 | *toːʔ, *tjoʔ |
| 阧 | *toːʔ |
| 斢 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 鈄 | *tʰoːʔ |
Pictogram (象形) (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou (see below) held by hand.
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. | 斗 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𤣫 𠦁 𣁬 | |
Pronunciations 1 (“dipper, ladle”) and 2 (“water ladle”) are cognate. Variant character: 枓 (zhǔ, “ladle”). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), འཆུ ('chu, “to scoop up, to ladle water”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
斗
- (historical) A dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
- 斗量 ― dǒuliàng ― to measure with dou; numerous
- 斗筲 ― dǒushāo ― dou and xiao; humble; insignificant
- Any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
- 漏斗 ― lòudǒu ― funnel
- 熨斗 ― yùndǒu ― flatiron
- 煙斗／烟斗 ― yāndǒu ― tobacco pipe
- 風斗／风斗 ― fēngdǒu ― wind scoop
- 水斗 ― shuǐdǒu ― water ladle
- 墨斗 ― mòdǒu ― carpenter's ink marker
- 抽斗 ― chōudǒu ― drawer
- 斗笠 ― dǒulì ― wide-brimmed rain hat
- 斗篷 ― dǒupéng ― cape, cloak
- Round or spiral shaped; fingerprint (a dactylogram)
- A unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
- A unit of measure based on dou.
- 升斗 ― shēngdǒu ― sheng and dou; a small amount
- (figurative) small, short, narrow (as with a dipper)
- 斗室 ― dǒushì ― small room
- (figurative) big, high, to be full of (as with a dipper)
- 斗膽／斗胆 ― dǒudǎn ― venture; boldly
- Stars in general.
- 星斗 ― xīngdǒu ― stars
- (北斗) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
- 星移斗轉／星移斗转 ― xīngyídǒuzhuǎn ― passage of time
- 泰斗 ― tàidǒu ― the leading authority
- (斗宿) The Dipper (Chinese constellation), one of the twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.
- (南斗) A subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
- (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
- A Chinese constellation (星官) consisting of five stars.
- Short for 刁斗 (“cauldron, cymbal”).
- Short for 科斗 (“tadpole”).
- (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
- Alternative form of 枓 (“the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam”).
- 斗拱 ― dǒugǒng ― corbel bracket
- Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “steep, cliffy”).
- Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”).
- Alternative form of 抖 (dǒu, “to tremble, to shake off”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 斗
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Descendants
(Unit of dry measure)
- → Tocharian B: tau
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
斗
- A unit of measure for liquids.
- Alternative form of 枓 (“ladle or spoon used for scooping water”).
- Alternative form of 主 (zhǔ, “master, God”).
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 鬥 (“to fight; to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”). (This character, 斗, is the simplified form of 鬥.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 陡 (“steep; sloping; abruptly; suddenly; etc.”). (This character, 斗, is the second-round simplified form of 陡.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 4
| simp. and trad. | 斗 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 搗／捣 捯 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Definitions
斗
- (Hokkien) time; an instance or occurrence
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 度 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 次, 回, 遍 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 次 |
| Malaysia | 次 | |
| Singapore | 次 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 次 |
| Hong Kong | 次 | |
| Macau | 次 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 次, 擺 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 次, 擺 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 擺 |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 擺 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 次 | |
| Liannan | 次 | |
| Jiexi | 輪 | |
| Changting | 回 | |
| Wuping | 下, 到 | |
| Ninghua | 回 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 擺, 到 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 擺, 到 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 擺, 到 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 擺, 到 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 擺, 到 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 擺, 回 | |
| Hong Kong | 次 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 擺 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 匝 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 擺, 斗 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 擺 | |
| Quanzhou | 擺, 斗 | |
| Anxi | 擺 | |
| Zhangzhou | 擺, 斗 | |
| Zhao'an | 次, 擺 | |
| Tainan | 擺, 改, 斗 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 斗 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 擺 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 擺 | |
| Chaozhou | 匝, 過 | |
| Jieyang | 匝, 過, 擺 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 次, 匝 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 擺, 匝 | |
| Wenchang | 下, 次 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 趟, 頓, 場 | |
| Suzhou | 趟, 頓, 場 | |
| Danyang | 頓, 場 | |
| Hangzhou | 埭, 趟, 頓, 通 | |
| Ningbo | 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記 | |
Japanese
Kanji
斗
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- a unit of liquid measure
Readings
- Go-on: つ (tsu)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kan’yō-on: と (to, Jōyō)
- Kun: ます (masu, 斗); ひしゃく (hishaku, 斗); とます (tomasu, 斗)
Compounds
Compounds
- 北斗 (hokuto): the Big Dipper; the North Star
Noun
斗 • (to)
- an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to about 18 liters (18,000 cm³)
Korean
Hanja
斗 (eumhun 말 두 (mal du))
- Hanja form? of 두 (“measure of about 18 liters; such measuring vessel”).
- Hanja form? of 두 (“cauldron; cymbal”).
- Hanja form? of 두 (“dipper, ladle”).
- Hanja form? of 두 (“asterism around Polaris such as Big Dipper and Little Dipper”).
Synonyms
- (cauldron): 刁 (刁)
Coordinate terms
- (unit): 合 (合) (홉, hob, 1⁄100 mal); 升 (升) (승, seung, 1⁄10 mal); 石 (石) (섬, seom, 10-20 mal)
Compounds
- 大斗 (대두, daedu)
- 小斗 (소두, sodu)
- 刁斗 (조두, jodu)
- 北斗 (북두, bugdu)
- 南斗 (남두, namdu)
References
- 斗 (국제퇴계학회)
Old Korean
Pronunciation
Reconstructed *twu- after both the Middle Korean reflex and the Sino-Korean reading.
Verb
斗 (*twu-)
- to possess, to have
- c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, page 12:02—03:
- 當爲隱矣隱天下乙[有]斗賜爲旀
- TANG-hwo-n to-y-n THYEN.HA-r twu-si-wo-mye
- Now in this moment, [I] possess all under heaven
- c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, page 26:11—12:
- 十尸 種叱無盡乙[有]斗良
- YEl KAc MWU.CIN-ur twu-e
- It has ten kinds of inexhaustibilities
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Descendants
- Middle Korean: 두다〮 (twùtá, “to place”)
- Korean: 두다 (duda, “to place”)
References
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 76—84
Vietnamese
Han character
斗: Hán Nôm readings: đẩu, đấu, điếu, tẩu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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