敲
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Translingual
Han character
敲 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜水 (YBYE), four-corner 01247, composition ⿰高攴)
Derived characters
- 𡁞
References
- KangXi: page 474, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13337
- Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1471, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6572
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 敲 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 高 | *kaːw |
| 膏 | *kaːw, *kaːws |
| 篙 | *kaːw |
| 稿 | *kaːwʔ |
| 稾 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws |
| 槁 | *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ |
| 縞 | *kaːwʔ, *kaːws |
| 暠 | *kaːwʔ |
| 槀 | *kaːwʔ |
| 藁 | *kaːwʔ |
| 燺 | *kʰaːwʔ |
| 薧 | *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw |
| 犒 | *kʰaːws |
| 蒿 | *qʰaːw |
| 藃 | *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw |
| 豪 | *ɡaːw |
| 毫 | *ɡaːw |
| 壕 | *ɡaːw |
| 濠 | *ɡaːw |
| 鎬 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 滈 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 鄗 | *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 鰝 | *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 薃 | *ɡaːwʔ |
| 搞 | *kruːʔ |
| 敲 | *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws |
| 髇 | *qʰraːw |
| 嗃 | *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ |
| 巐 | *kʰl'awʔ |
| 歊 | *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ |
| 謞 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ |
| 熇 | *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ |
| 碻 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 塙 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 毃 | *kʰraːwɢ |
| 翯 | *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ |
| 瀥 | *qʰraːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. | 敲 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
Definitions
敲
- to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock
- 他敲了門。／他敲了门。 ― Tā qiāo le mén. ― He knocked on the door.
- 剛剛敲過了八點鐘，不是嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
- Gānggāng qiāo guò le bādiǎnzhōng, bù shì ma? [Pinyin]
- It has just struck eight, hasn't it?
刚刚敲过了八点钟，不是吗？ [MSC, simp.]
- (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail
- 那家旅館敲觀光客的竹杠。 [MSC, trad.]
- Nà jiā lǚguǎn qiāo guānguāngkè de zhúgàng. [Pinyin]
- That hotel rips off the tourists.
那家旅馆敲观光客的竹杠。 [MSC, simp.]- 他們敲了你多少錢？ [MSC, trad.]
- Tāmen qiāo le nǐ duōshào qián? [Pinyin]
- How much did they screw you for?
他们敲了你多少钱？ [MSC, simp.]
- (colloquial) to criticize; to warn
- (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone
- 我昨日敲予先生。 [Philippine Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
- Guá chǎ-li̍t khà hō͘ sian-siⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- I called the teacher yesterday (on the phone).
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes)
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses)
Synonyms
- (to hit):
edit
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- (to rip off):
edit
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Compounds
Derived terms from 敲
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Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. | 敲 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 休 𡁞 齁 吼 | |
From 休 (MC hɨu, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵／哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete.
Pronunciation
Definitions
敲
- (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 矣1 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 了 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 了 |
| Taiwan | 了 | |
| Harbin | 了 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 了 | |
| Jinan | 了 | |
| Luoyang | 了 | |
| Wanrong | 嘮 | |
| Xi'an | 咧 | |
| Yinchuan | 了 | |
| Ürümqi | 咧 | |
| Wuhan | 了 | |
| Chengdu | 了 | |
| Guiyang | 了 | |
| Guilin | 了 | |
| Liuzhou | 了 | |
| Xuzhou | 了 | |
| Yangzhou | 了 | |
| Nanjing | 了 | |
| Malaysia | 了 | |
| Singapore | 了 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咗, 嘵 obsolete |
| Hong Kong | 咗 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 咗 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 咗 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 耗 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 好 | |
| Macau | 咗, 敲 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 咗 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 咗 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 咗 | |
| Foshan | 咗 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 咗 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 咗 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 哺 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 咗 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 誒, 咗 | |
| Taishan | 誒 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 誒 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 誒 | |
| Dongguan | 敲 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 好 | |
| Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 後, 咗 | |
| Qingyuan | 咗 | |
| Fogang | 咗 | |
| Yingde (Hanguang) | 咗 | |
| Shaoguan | 咗 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咗 | |
| Renhua | 咗 | |
| Lechang | 咗 | |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 咗 | |
| Xinxing | 標 | |
| Luoding | 咗 | |
| Yangjiang | 都 | |
| Nanning | 嗮 | |
| Nanning (Tanka) | 嗮 | |
| Wuzhou | 啊 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 了 | |
| Guiping | 畢 | |
| Guiping (Mule) | 開, 了 | |
| Pingnan | 開 | |
| Guigang (Gangcheng) | 開 | |
| Guigang (Pingdong) | 開, 了 | |
| Beihai | 了 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 了 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 了 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 了, 咗 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 咗 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 了, 咗 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 咗 | |
| Móng Cái | 了, 咗 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 了 |
| Lichuan | 了 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 了 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 拋, 阿 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 開 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 開 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 開 | |
| Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 哩 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 哩 | |
| Wuhua (Changbu) | 哩 | |
| Wuhua (Mianyang) | 哩 | |
| Yudu | 了 | |
| Hong Kong | 開 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 開 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 了 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 了 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咾 |
| Xinzhou | 咾 | |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 了 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 了 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 了, 𡅏 |
| Min Nan | Penang (Hokkien) | 了 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 了 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 了, 咯 | |
| Chaozhou | 了 | |
| Shantou | 了 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 了 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 了 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 仔, 了 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 仔 | |
| Suzhou | 仔 | |
| Hangzhou | 得, 了 | |
| Ningbo | 仔 | |
| Wenzhou | 爻 | |
| Jinhua | 了 | |
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01736
- “敲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
敲
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- to knock, to strike, to hit
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←けう (keu, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: たたく (tataku, 敲く)
- Nanori: たかし (takashi); のぼる (noboru)
Korean
Hanja
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))
- Hanja form? of 고 (“knock”).
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo))
- Hanja form? of 교 (“knock”).
敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak))
- Hanja form? of 학 (“knock”).
Vietnamese
Han character
敲: Hán Nôm readings: xao, xào, sao
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