敦
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Translingual
Han character
敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 08440, composition ⿰享攵)
Derived characters
- 墩, 撴, 噋, 獤, 潡, 憞, 橔, 暾, 犜, 燉, 礅, 𧝋, 鐓 (镦), 蹾, 譈, 驐, 鷻, 墪, 撉, 憝, 鐜
References
- KangXi: page 473, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
- Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6566
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 敦 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㪟 𣀦 𢼪 𠧈 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 敦 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 弴 | *tjuː, *tuːn |
| 敦 | *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns |
| 錞 | *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun |
| 憝 | *duːls |
| 憞 | *duːls |
| 譈 | *duːls |
| 鐓 | *duːls |
| 鷻 | *doːn |
| 鶉 | *doːn, *djun |
| 惇 | *tuːn, *tjun |
| 墩 | *tuːn |
| 驐 | *tuːn |
| 燉 | *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 焞 | *tʰuːn, *djun |
| 啍 | *tʰuːn, *duːn |
| 暾 | *tʰuːn |
| 噋 | *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 諄 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 埻 | *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ |
| 稕 | *tjuns |
| 醇 | *djun |
| 淳 | *djun |
| 犉 | *njun |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns) : phonetic 𦎫 + semantic 攴 (“hand”)
Etymology 1
- “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- † angry
- to urge
- † to advise and encourage
- † diligent
- earnest; honest; generous
- † intimate
- † thick
- † plentiful; rich
- † large
- † to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere
- † to put something down with great force
- A river in Shanxi
- a surname
Compounds
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Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- (historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains
Compounds
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Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- † to administer; to manage
- 敦商之旅，克咸厥功。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Duī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin]
- [Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang;
He and his men shared equally in the achievement.
- † solitary
- 敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Duī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià. [Pinyin]
- And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night,
Under our carriages.
敦彼独宿，亦在车下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to throw
- † to force upon
- 王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin]
- The king's business is thrown on me,
And the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.
王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 4
See 團 (OC *doːn).
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- † clustered
- † Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “round”).
- 有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin]
- There were the round bitter gourds hanging,
From the branches of the chestnut trees.
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- † to erect
- † Alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- Only used in 混敦 and 敦然.
Pronunciation
Definitions
敦
- Only used in 敦恨.
Etymology 8
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 雕 (“to engrave; to inlay; to carve; carving; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 雕.) |
Etymology 9
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 燾. (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 燾.) |
Etymology 10
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 淳 (“thick; honest; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 淳.) |
Etymology 11
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 屯 (“village; hamlet; military camp; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 屯.) |
Etymology 12
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 墩 (“mound; block of stone or wood; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 墩.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 13
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 礅 (“large stone”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 礅.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 14
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 蹾 (“to squat; to crouch”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 蹾.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 15
| For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 撉 (“to hold tight; to seize; to jolt; to thump”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 撉.) |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
敦
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- kindness, affinity
Readings
- Go-on: とん (ton); たい (tai)
- Kan-on: とん (ton); たい (tai)
- Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
- Kun: あつい (atsui, 敦い)
- Nanori: あつし (atsushi); つとむ (tsutomu)
Compounds
Compounds
- 敦盛 (atsumori)
- 敦賀 (Tsuruga): Tsuruga, Fukui
- 敦厚 (tonkō)
- 敦煌 (Tonkō); Dunhuang
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 敦 |
| たい Jinmeiyō |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC tuʌi, tuən, duɑn, tuənH).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) たい [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [ta̠i]
Noun
敦 • (tai)
- dui (vessel)
Proper noun
敦 or 敦 • (Atsushi or Tsutomu)
- a male given name
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 (jjo'eul toe))
- Hanja form? of 퇴 (“peck”).
敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 (mo'eul toe))
- Hanja form? of 퇴 (“collect, gather”).
敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))
- Hanja form? of 퇴 (“manage, govern, administer”).
敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))
- Hanja form? of 퇴 (“sever, cut off, put down”).
敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 (seongnael toe))
- Hanja form? of 퇴 (“angry, furious”).
敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 (dotaul don))
- Hanja form? of 돈 (“esteem”).
- Hanja form? of 돈 (“honest, candid, sincere”).
Vietnamese
Han character
敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (
敦: Nôm readings: đon[1][2][3][5][6][7], run[1][2][3][4][6][7], xôn[2][5][4], xun[3][5][6], đôn[3][4][7], giun[4][6][7], dun[4][6][7], don[4][6][7], dồn[1][2], ton[3][5], rủn[3][6], gion[5][6], chon[1], trôn[1], đun[1], dôn[3], giôn[3], đùn[3], đũn[6], dún[7]
- Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”).
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Hồ (1976).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).