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单词 政
释义

政

政 U+653F, 政
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-653F
← 放
[U+653E]		CJK Unified Ideographs敀 →
[U+6540]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

政 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一一人大 (MMOK), four-corner 18140, composition ⿰正攵)

Derived characters

  • 𪣴, 𪰱, 𮈤, 𮢙, 晸, 䈣, 𭤍, 𮒆, 𧁎, 𣀚, 𩠰, 𢾘, 𥪛

References

  • KangXi: page 469, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13135
  • Dae Jaweon: page 819, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1453, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+653F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
政

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
綻*rdeːns
淀*deːns
靛*deːns
症*tjɯŋs
竀*rtʰeːŋ, *tʰeŋ
征*tjeŋ
怔*tjeŋ
正*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
鉦*tjeŋ
鴊*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
眐*tjeŋ
佂*tjeŋ
整*tjeŋʔ
政*tjeŋs
証*tjeŋs
定*teːŋs, *deːŋs
顁*teːŋs
錠*teːŋs, *deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟*deːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋs) : phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) + semantic 攵 (“action”).

Etymology

Specialization of 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight, upright; right, correct; proper”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhèng (zheng4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): zen4
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zing3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zen1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ziin4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zen4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zeng3
  • Min Bei (KCR): ce̿ng
  • Min Dong (BUC): céng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsen (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zhen4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
      • Wade–Giles: chêng4
      • Yale: jèng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
      • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zen4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sən²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zing3
      • Yale: jing
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing3
      • Guangdong Romanization: jing3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: zen1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sen³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ziin4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɨn³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn
      • Hakka Romanization System: ziin
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zin4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: zen4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sən⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zeng3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ce̿ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
      • Tâi-lô: tsìng
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zêng3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seŋ²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsen (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡səɲ³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhen4
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sən⁴⁵/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
政
MandarinBeijing/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵¹/
Harbin/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
Tianjin/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
/t͡səŋ⁵³/
Jinan/ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/
Qingdao/tʃəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou/ʈ͡ʂəŋ³¹²/
Xi'an/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Xining/ʈ͡ʂə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan/ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou/ʈ͡ʂə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡sən³⁵/
Chengdu/t͡sən¹³/
Guiyang/t͡sen²¹³/
Kunming/ʈ͡ʂə̃¹/
Nanjing/ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
Hefei/ʈ͡ʂən⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/t͡səŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao/ʈ͡ʂəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot/t͡sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/t͡səŋ³⁵/
Suzhou/t͡sən⁵¹³/
Hangzhou/t͡sen⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou/t͡seŋ⁴²/
HuiShexian/t͡ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi/t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
XiangChangsha/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
GanNanchang/t͡sɨn⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sən⁵³/
Taoyuan/tʃen⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡seŋ³³/
Nanning/t͡seŋ³³/
Hong Kong/t͡siŋ³³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡siŋ²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡sɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡seiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡seŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/t͡seŋ³⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Rime
Character政
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)章 (23)
Final (韻)清 (121)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie之盛切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ciajŋH/
Li
Rong		/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang
Li		/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zing3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character政
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhèng
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsyengH ›
Old
Chinese		/*teŋ-s/
Englishgovernment

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character政
Reading #1/1
No.17177
Phonetic
component		正
Rime
group		耕
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		政
Old
Chinese		/*tjeŋs/

Definitions

政

  1. government; political power
    政府  ―  zhèngfǔ  ―  government
  2. regulation; rule; decree
  3. politics; political affairs
    政治  ―  zhèngzhì  ―  politics
  4. administrative affairs of governmental departments, families or organisations
  5. † to govern; to rule
  6. † to correct; to comment on (a manuscript)

Compounds

Derived terms from 政

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (政):
  • → Japanese: 政(せい) (sei)
  • → Korean: 정(政) (jeong)
  • → Vietnamese: chính (政), chánh (政)

References

  • “政”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

政

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: まつりごと (matsurigoto, 政, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: おさ (osa)←をさ (wosa, historical); かず (kazu); きよ (kiyo); こと (koto); すなお (sunao); ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); ただす (tadasu); なり (nari); のぶ (nobu); のり (nori); まさ (masa); まさし (masashi); ゆき (yuki)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
政
まつりごと
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 祭り (matsuri, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 祭る (matsuru), “to enshrine, worship”) +‎ 事 (koto, “matter, thing”).[1][2] The koto changes to goto as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) まつりごと [màtsúrígótó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [ma̠t͡sɨᵝɾʲiɡo̞to̞]

Noun

政(まつりごと) • (matsurigoto) 

  1. (politics) a government, rule
    Synonyms: 政治 (seiji), 政道 (seidō)
  2. (especially in Shinto) a festival, ritual
    Synonym: 祭祀 (saishi)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 政(まつりご)つ (matsurigotsu)
  • 政所(まんどころ) (mandokoro)
  • 政(まつりごと)殿(どの) (matsurigotodono)
  • 政(まつりごと)始(はじめ) (matsurigoto hajime)
  • 政(まつりごと)人(びと), 判官(まつりごとびと) (matsurigotobito)
  • 朝(あさ)政(まつりごと) (asamatsurigoto)
  • 太政(おおいまつりごとの)官(つかさ) (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa)
  • 太政(おおまつりごと) (ōmatsurigoto)
  • 外(げ)記(き)の政(まつりごと) (geki no matsurigoto)
  • 後(しり)方(え)の政(まつりごと) (shirie no matsurigoto)
  • 垂(すい)簾(れん)の政(まつりごと) (suiren no matsurigoto)
Proverbs
  • 政(まつりごと)を為(な)すは猶(なお)沐(もく)するが如(ごと)し (matsurigoto o nasu wa nao moku suru ga gotoshi)

Proper noun

政(まつりごと) • (Matsurigoto) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
政
せい
Grade: 5
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 政 (MC t͡ɕiᴇŋH).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Noun

政(せい) • (sei) 

  1. a law, rule
  2. a doctrine, precept, way

Affix

政(せい) • (sei) 

  1. government, politics, rule
  2. administration (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 政(せい)界(かい) (seikai)
  • 政(せい)権(けん) (seiken)
  • 政(せい)策(さく) (seisaku)
  • 政(せい)治(じ) (seiji)
  • 政(せい)争(そう) (seisō)
  • 政(せい)体(たい) (seitai)
  • 政(せい)庁(ちょう) (seichō)
  • 政(せい)党(とう) (seitō)
  • 政(せい)府(ふ) (seifu)
  • 政(せい)略(りゃく) (seiryaku, “political strategy or tactic”)
  • 政(せい)令(れい) (seirei)
  • 悪(あく)政(せい) (akusei)
  • 為(い)政(せい) (isei)
  • 王(おう)政(せい) (ōsei)
  • 家(か)政(せい) (kasei)
  • 外(がい)政(せい) (gaisei)
  • 行(ぎょう)政(せい) (gyōsei)
  • 憲(けん)政(せい) (kensei)
  • 国(こく)政(せい) (kokusei)
  • 財(ざい)政(せい) (zaisei)
  • 参(さん)政(せい) (sansei)
  • 市(し)政(せい) (shisei)
  • 施(し)政(せい) (shisei)
  • 失(しっ)政(せい) (shissei)
  • 善(ぜん)政(せい) (zensei)
  • 朝(ちょう)政(せい) (chōsei)
  • 内(ない)政(せい) (naisei)
  • 農(のう)政(せい) (nōsei)
  • 暴(ぼう)政(せい) (bōsei)
  • 理(り)政(せい) (risei)

Proper noun

政(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. a male or female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
政
しょう
Grade: 5
goon

/ɕʲau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 政 (MC t͡ɕiᴇŋH).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Affix

政(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. government, politics, rule
  2. administration (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms
  • 摂(せっ)政(しょう) (sesshō)
  • 太(だい)政(じょう)官(かん) (Daijō-kan), 太(だ)政(じょう)官(かん) (Dajō-kan)
  • 太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (daijō-daijin), 太(だ)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (dajō-daijin)

References

  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

政 (eumhun 정사 정 (jeongsa jeong))

政 (eumhun 칠 정 (chil jeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 정 (“political affairs, to hit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

政: Hán Việt readings: chinh, chánh, chính
政: Nôm readings: chiếng, chính

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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