放火

放火

Chinese

		to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out	fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving
simp. and trad. (放火)		放	火

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fànghuǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong³ fo²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): piong-fó
• Min Nan (POJ): pàng-hóe / pàng-hé

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: fànghuǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqhuuo
    • IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fong³ fo²
    • Yale: fong fó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong³ fo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fong³ fo²
    • IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³³ fɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piong-fó
    • Hakka Romanization System: biong fo`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: biong⁴ fo³
    • IPA: /pi̯oŋ⁵⁵ fo³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pàng-hóe / pàng-hé
    • Tâi-lô: pàng-hué / pàng-hé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: parnghoea, parnghea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/, /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue⁵⁵⁴/, /paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ he⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/, /paŋ²¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/, /paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴¹/, /paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ he⁴¹/

Verb

放火

1. to set on fire, specifically to commit arson

Derived terms

一頭放火，一頭放水／一头放火，一头放水 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈／只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng)

州官放火 (zhōuguān-fànghuǒ) 殺人放火／杀人放火

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (放火):

• → Japanese: 放 (ほう)火 (か) (hōka)
• → Korean: 방화 (放火, banghwa)
• → Vietnamese: phóng hỏa (放火)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
放	火
ほう Grade: 3	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 放火 (MC pʉɐŋ^H huɑ^X, “let loose” + “fire”). Compare modern Chinese 放火 (fànghuǒ).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ほーか [hòóká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ho̞ːka̠]

Noun

放火 (hiragana ほうか, rōmaji hōka, historical hiragana はうくわ)

1. arson, setting fire to something

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 放火狂 (ほうかきょう, ​hōkakyō): pyromania
• 放火罪 (ほうかざい, ​hōkazai): (the crime of) arson
• 放火者 (ほうかしゃ, ​hōkasha): an arsonist
• 放火犯人 (ほうかはんにん, ​hōka hannin): an arsonist
• 放火魔 (ほうかま, ​hōkama): a habitual arsonist

Verb

放火する (hiragana ほうかする, rōmaji hōka suru, historical hiragana はうくわする)

1. to set fire to something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "放火する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	放火し	ほうかし	hōka shi
Continuative (連用形)	放火し	ほうかし	hōka shi
Terminal (終止形)	放火する	ほうかする	hōka suru
Attributive (連体形)	放火する	ほうかする	hōka suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	放火すれ	ほうかすれ	hōka sure
Imperative (命令形)	放火せよ¹ 放火しろ²	ほうかせよ¹ ほうかしろ²	hōka seyo¹ hōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	放火される	ほうかされる	hōka sareru
Causative	放火させる 放火さす	ほうかさせる ほうかさす	hōka saseru hōka sasu
Potential	放火できる	ほうかできる	hōka dekiru
Volitional	放火しよう	ほうかしよう	hōka shiyō
Negative	放火しない	ほうかしない	hōka shinai
Negative continuative	放火せず	ほうかせず	hōka sezu
Formal	放火します	ほうかします	hōka shimasu
Perfective	放火した	ほうかした	hōka shita
Conjunctive	放火して	ほうかして	hōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	放火すれば	ほうかすれば	hōka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN