擦る

擦る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
擦
す Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
摩る 磨る 擂る

From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) す​る [súꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	擦る	す​る	[súꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)	擦れ	す​れ	[súꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive	擦られる	すられ​る	[sùráréꜜrù]
Causative	擦らせる	すらせ​る	[sùráséꜜrù]
Potential	擦れる	すれ​る	[sùréꜜrù]
Volitional	擦ろう	すろ​ー	[sùróꜜò]
Negative	擦らない	すら​ない	[sùráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective	擦らなかった	すら​なかった	[sùráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal	擦ります	すりま​す	[sùrímáꜜsù]
Perfective	擦った	す​った	[súꜜttà]
Conjunctive	擦って	す​って	[súꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional	擦れば	す​れば	[súꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(す)る • (suru) transitive godan (stem 擦(す)り (suri), past 擦(す)った (sutta))

1. [from 720] rub, scrub
2. strike a match
3. lose at gambling

Conjugation

Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	擦ら	すら	sura
Continuative (連用形)	擦り	すり	suri
Terminal (終止形)	擦る	する	suru
Attributive (連体形)	擦る	する	suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	擦れ	すれ	sure
Imperative (命令形)	擦れ	すれ	sure
Key constructions
Passive	擦られる	すられる	surareru
Causative	擦らせる 擦らす	すらせる すらす	suraseru surasu
Potential	擦れる	すれる	sureru
Volitional	擦ろう	すろう	surō
Negative	擦らない	すらない	suranai
Negative continuative	擦らず	すらず	surazu
Formal	擦ります	すります	surimasu
Perfective	擦った	すった	sutta
Conjunctive	擦って	すって	sutte
Hypothetical conditional	擦れば	すれば	sureba

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
擦
かす Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
掠る

Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, “to rob”) and かすか (kasuka, “faint”).[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かす​る [kàsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
• (Tokyo) かする [kàsúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

擦(かす)る • (kasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(かす)り (kasuri), past 擦(かす)った (kasutta))

1. [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
2. to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
擦
こす Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of こ (ko) +‎ 擦る (suru, “to rub”).[1][4] The ko element might be 粉 (ko, “powder, flour”).[4]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こす​る [kòsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	擦る	こす​る	[kòsúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)	擦れ	こす​れ	[kòsúꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive	擦られる	こすられ​る	[kòsúráréꜜrù]
Causative	擦らせる	こすらせ​る	[kòsúráséꜜrù]
Potential	擦れる	こすれ​る	[kòsúréꜜrù]
Volitional	擦ろう	こすろ​ー	[kòsúróꜜò]
Negative	擦らない	こすら​ない	[kòsúráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective	擦らなかった	こすら​なかった	[kòsúráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal	擦ります	こすりま​す	[kòsúrímáꜜsù]
Perfective	擦った	こす​った	[kòsúꜜttà]
Conjunctive	擦って	こす​って	[kòsúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional	擦れば	こす​れば	[kòsúꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(こす)る • (kosuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(こす)り (kosuri), past 擦(こす)った (kosutta))

1. to rub

   目(め)をこする

   me o kosuru

   to rub one's eyes

2. to scrub, to scour
3. to scrape, to scratch

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
擦
なす Grade: S
kun’yomi

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, “to rub”).

First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) なす​る [nàsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
• (Tokyo) なする [nàsúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [na̠sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

擦(なす)る • (nasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(なす)り (nasuri), past 擦(なす)った (nasutta))

1. to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)

   Synonym: 塗る (nuru)

2. to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.

【なぞる】 [verb] to trace (something already written or drawn); to copy [verb] to trace (with the finger)

(This term, 擦る, is an alternative (uncommon) spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
擦
さす Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.

【摩さする】 [verb] rub a part of the body to alleviate pain etc.

(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
4. Maner Lawton Thorpe (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎, page 322
5. “擦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN