擒

擒

擒 U+64D2, 擒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-64D2 ← 擑 [U+64D1] CJK Unified Ideographs 擓 → [U+64D3]

Translingual

Han character

擒 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手人卜月 (QOYB), four-corner 5802₇, composition ⿰扌禽)

Derived characters

• 𫬜

References

• KangXi: page 458, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12816
• Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1961, character 2
• Unihan data for U+64D2

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Chinese

trad.		擒
simp. #		擒
alternative forms		㩒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 擒
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kam⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): khîm
• Wu (Wiktionary): jjin (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kam⁴
    • Yale: kàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
    • Tâi-lô: khîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jjin (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑɪɲ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪm/

Rime
Character	擒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨金切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢ(r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	擒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gim ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ɢ(r)[ə]m/
English	catch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	擒
Reading #	1/1
No.	6613
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	琴
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯm/
Notes	同捦，禽轉註字

Definitions

擒

1. to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest
2. to hold; to grasp
3. (Cantonese) to climb

   擒上車頂／擒上车顶 [Cantonese]  ―  kam⁴ soeng⁵ ce¹ deng² [Jyutping]  ―  to climb to the top of the car

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of [[#Chinese|]] (“to climb”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		爬
Mandarin	Beijing	爬
	Taiwan	爬
	Jinan	爬
	Xi'an	爬
	Wuhan	爬
	Chengdu	爬
	Yangzhou	爬
	Hefei	爬
	Singapore	爬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	擒, 爬, 躝
	Hong Kong	擒, 爬
	Dongguan	擒
	Singapore (Guangfu)	爬
Gan	Nanchang	爬
Hakka	Meixian	爬
Jin	Taiyuan	爬
Min Bei	Jian'ou	爬啦
Min Dong	Fuzhou	爬
Min Nan	Xiamen	𬦰, 爬
	Quanzhou	𬦰
	Zhangzhou	𬦰
	Tainan	𬦰, 控
	Penang (Hokkien)	𬦰
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𬦰
	Manila (Hokkien)	𬦰
	Chaozhou	𬦰, 擘, 爬
	Shantou	𬦰
	Singapore (Teochew)	𬦰
	Haikou	爬
Wu	Suzhou	爬, 𨂝
	Wenzhou	爬
Xiang	Changsha	爬
	Shuangfeng	𱗄

Compounds

就擒 (jiùqín) 成擒 捉虎擒蛟 擒伏 擒抱 擒拿 (qínná) 擒捉 擒服 擒虎拿蛟 束手就擒 (shùshǒujiùqín)

生擒 (shēngqín) 生擒活拿 生擒活捉 (shēngqín huózhuō) 擒奸摘伏 一網成擒／一网成擒 一舉成擒／一举成擒 七擒七縱／七擒七纵 (qīqínqīzòng) 伏虎擒龍／伏虎擒龙 手到擒來／手到擒来 (shǒudàoqínlái) 擒姦擿伏／擒奸擿伏

擒姦討暴／擒奸讨暴 擒獲／擒获 (qínhuò) 擒盜／擒盗 擒縱／擒纵 擒賊擒王／擒贼擒王 (qínzéiqínwáng) 擒賊擒首／擒贼擒首 擒龍縛虎／擒龙缚虎 欲擒故縱／欲擒故纵 (yùqíngùzòng) 韓擒虎／韩擒虎 餓虎擒羊／饿虎擒羊

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Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
擒
とりこ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

• 虜, 俘, 囚, 俘虜

Kanji

擒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごん (gon, historical)←ごむ (gomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: きん (kin)^{←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
• Kun: とらえる (toraeru, 擒える)^{←とらへる (toraferu, historical)}; とりこ (toriko, 擒)

Etymology

Originally a compound of 取り (tori, “taking, capturing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 取る (toru), “to take, to capture”) +‎ 子 (ko, “child; small thing”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) とりこ​ [tòríkóꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2]
• (Tokyo) とりこ [tòríkó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɾʲiko̞]

Noun

擒(とりこ) • (toriko) 

1. a prisoner, captive, slave

Usage notes

Also used metaphorically, such as 恋の擒 (koi no toriko, literally “love's slave”).

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

擒 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

1. catch, capture, seize, arrest

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Vietnamese

Han character

擒: Hán Việt readings: cầm[1][2][3][4][5]
擒: Nôm readings: cầm[1][2]

1. chữ Hán form of cầm (“to hold, keep, capture, seize, arrest”).

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Trần (2004).
3. Trần (1999).
4. Nguyễn (1974).
5. Thiều Chửu (1942).