掛礙

Chinese

	to hang; to put up; to suspend	to hinder; to obstruct; to block
trad. (掛礙/挂礙)	掛/挂	礙
simp. (挂碍)	挂	碍
variant forms	罣礙／罣碍絓礙

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit आवरण (āvaraṇa, “covering; hiding; obscuring; obstructing”) or Sanskrit आलम्बन (ālambana, “depending on or from; hanging from”), as in चित्तावरण (cittāvaraṇa, literally “thought-covering”) or चित्तालम्बन (cittālambana, literally “mental hanging”) (Shi, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guà'ài
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa³ ngoi⁶
Min Nan (POJ): kòa-gāi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: guà'ài → guà'ai (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ → ㄍㄨㄚˋ ˙ㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guah.ay
  - IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /ku̯ä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Yale: gwa ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gua³ ngoi⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /kʷäː³³ ŋɔːy̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòa-gāi
  - Tâi-lô: kuà-gāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koargai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ gaɪ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ gaɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ gaɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua¹¹⁻⁵³ gaɪ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua²¹⁻⁴¹ gaɪ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠuɛ^H ŋʌi^H/▼

Rime
Character	掛	礙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	佳 (32)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古賣切	五漑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuɛ^H/	/ŋʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæ^H/	/ŋəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuæi^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨj^H/	/ŋəj^H/
Li Rong	/kuɛ^H/	/ŋᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kwai^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwai^H/	/ŋɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guà	ài

Verb

掛礙

(Buddhism, of the mind) to be hindered, thus unawakened; to be obstructed
to obstruct; to hinder
to worry; to be concerned

Derived terms

心無掛礙／心无挂碍

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罣礙):

→ Japanese: 罣 (け)礙 (げ) (kege)
→ Korean: 가애 (罣礙, gaae)
→ Vietnamese: quái ngại (罣礙)