掘

See also: 撅

掘	U+6398, 掘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6398

← 掗
[U+6397]

CJK Unified Ideographs

掙 →
[U+6399]

Translingual

Han character

掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 5707₂, composition ⿰扌屈)

Derived characters

𫁗

References

KangXi: page 438, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264

Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2

Unihan data for U+6398

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
聉	r̥ʰuːlʔ, ŋrɯd, ʔr'uːd, ŋruːd
贅	*kljods
祟	*sqʰluds
出	kʰljuds, kʰljud
茁	ʔl'ɯd, skruːd, skrod, skrud
欪	qʰlɯd, l̥ʰud
貀	*ŋr'uːd
袦	*ŋr'oːd
咄	ʔl'oːd, ʔl'uːd
柮	sɡloːd, ʔl'uːd
拙	*kljod
炪	kljod, l̥ʰud
掘	ɡlod, ɡlud
鈯	*l'uːd
啒	kluːd, qʰluːd
淈	kluːd, ɡluːd
窟	*kʰluːd
泏	kʰluːd, ʔl'ud
堀	kʰluːd, ɡlud
胐	*kʰluːd
窋	*ʔl'ud
絀	*ʔl'ud
黜	*l̥ʰud
屈	klud, kʰlud
趉	*klud
鶌	*klud
詘	*kʰlud
倔	*ɡlud
崛	ɡlud, ŋɡlud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic 扌 (“hand; action”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (“to dig out; to scoop out”), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, “to dig; to hoe”) (STEDT). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jué (jue²)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khu̍t
Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̄
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ku̍t
(Teochew, Peng'im): gug⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): jjyq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh²
  - Yale: jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwat⁶
  - Yale: gwaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gued⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khu̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: kud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰut̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ku̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gug⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ku̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuk̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jjyq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 掘
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕyə²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕyu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕyə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕye²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ 老 /t͡ɕie²¹/ 新
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiut̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwɐt̚²/
	Nanning	/kʷet̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/kwɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kut̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ky⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuk̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kut̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨut̚/, /ɡʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	掘	掘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	文 (60)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	衢物切	其月切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨut̚/	/ɡʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiut̚/	/ɡʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuət̚/	/ɡiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gut̚/	/guat̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiuət̚/	/ɡiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭuət̚/	/ɡĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯uət̚/	/gi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jú	jué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat⁶	gyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ut/, /*[ɡ]ot/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡlud/, /*ɡlod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	掘	掘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jué	jué
Middle Chinese	‹ gjut ›	‹ gjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ut/	/*[ɡ]ot/
English	dig out (earth)	dig out (earth)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掘	掘
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	1586	1559
Phonetic component	出	出
Rime group	物	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	倔	𧤼
Old Chinese	/*ɡlud/	/*ɡlod/

Definitions

掘

to dig; to excavate
(Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)

Compounds

挖掘 (wājué)
掘井 (juéjǐng)
掘井及泉
掘取
掘墓 (juémù)
掘墓人 (juémùrén)
掘室求鼠
掘拾
掘洞
掘穴
掘穿

掘金
渴而掘井
掘斗
挖掘機／挖掘机 (wājuéjī)
掘土機／掘土机 (juétǔjī)
掘子軍／掘子军
掘強／掘强
掘筆／掘笔
掘足類／掘足类
掘金隊／掘金队
掘閱／掘阅

採掘／采掘 (cǎijué)
發掘／发掘 (fājué)
羅掘／罗掘
羅掘一空／罗掘一空
羅掘俱窮／罗掘俱穷
羅雀掘鼠／罗雀掘鼠
臨噎掘井／临噎掘井
臨渴掘井／临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng)
自掘墳墓／自掘坟墓 (zìjuéfénmù)
軟土深掘／软土深掘
開掘／开掘 (kāijué)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave”). (This character, 掘, is an obsolete form of 窟.)

Japanese

Kanji

掘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ごち (gochi)
Kan-on: くつ (kutsu, Jōyō); けつ (ketsu)
Kun: ほる (horu, 掘る, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

掘 • (gul, gwol) (hangeul 굴, 궐, revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)

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Vietnamese

Han character

掘: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.