掌

掌	U+638C, 掌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-638C

← 掋
[U+638B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

掍 →
[U+638D]

Translingual

Han character

掌 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口手 (FBRQ), four-corner 9050₂, composition ⿱𫩠手 or ⿱龸𠰅)

References

KangXi: page 437, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12248

Dae Jaweon: page 786, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1889, character 2

Unihan data for U+638C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掌
alternative forms		𤓯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
當	taːŋ, taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	taːŋ, sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	taːŋ, taːŋs
儅	taːŋ, taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	taːŋʔ, taːŋs
黨	taːŋʔ, tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	tʰaːŋ, daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	tʰaːŋʔ, tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	hl'aːŋʔ, ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	tʰaːŋs, rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	tʰjaŋʔ, tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	djaŋ, djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	djaŋ, djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 手.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǎng (zhang³)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ
(Chengdu, SP): zang³
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng²
Gan (Wiktionary): zong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chóng
(Meixian, Guangdong): zong³
Jin (Wiktionary): zon²
Min Dong (BUC): ciēng / ciōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiúⁿ / chióⁿ / chńg / chéng / chín / chióng / chiáng
(Teochew, Peng'im): zion² / ziên²
Wu (Wiktionary): tsaan (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): zhan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎng
  - Wade–Giles: chang³
  - Yale: jǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaang
  - Palladius: чжан (čžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zang³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng²
  - Yale: jéung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœːŋ³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zon²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɒ̃⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciēng / ciōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieŋ³³/, /t͡suoŋ³³/

Note:

ciēng - vernacular (“finger”);
ciōng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiúⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiúnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cviuo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiũ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Kinmen): /t͡ɕiũ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiũ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡ɕiũ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiónn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cvioir
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /t͡ɕiɔ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chńg
  - Tâi-lô: tsńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngr
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sŋ̍⁵³/
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sŋ̍⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
  - Tâi-lô: tsíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
  - Tâi-lô: tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cien
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciarng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴¹/

Note:

chiúⁿ/chióⁿ - vernacular (“palm”);
chńg/chéng/chín - vernacular (“finger”, often written as 指, e.g. 掌甲, 掌頭仔);
chióng/chiáng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zion² / ziên²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ / tsiéⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²/, /t͡sĩẽ⁵²/

Note:

zion2 - Shantou;
ziên2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsaan (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ̃³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡san⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X/

Rime
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸兩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k.t]aŋʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*tjaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k.t]aŋʔ/
English	palm of the hand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
No.	11146
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	掌
Old Chinese	/*tjaŋʔ/

Definitions

掌

palm of hand
(Min) finger
sole of foot
shoe sole or heel
horseshoe
to slap
to hold
to control
(dialectal Mandarin) to put (seasoning)
(Sichuanese) to support; to hold

Compounds

主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng)
合掌 (hézhǎng)
巴掌 (bāzhang)
手掌 (shǒuzhǎng)
掌上明珠
掌事
掌勺 (zhǎngsháo)
掌印
掌嘴 (zhǎngzuǐ)
掌子
掌子面
掌心 (zhǎngxīn)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
掌故 (zhǎnggù)
掌灶 (zhǎngzào)
掌班

掌相
掌秤
掌管 (zhǎngguǎn)
掌舵 (zhǎngduò)
掌鞭
掌鞭的
掌骨 (zhǎnggǔ)
接掌
熊掌 (xióngzhǎng)
穿掌
鼓掌 (gǔzhǎng)
掌勺儿
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
掌上壓／掌上压 (zhǎngshàngyā)
掌上電腦／掌上电脑 (zhǎngshàng diànnǎo)
掌中戲／掌中戏
掌廚／掌厨 (zhǎngchú)
掌握電腦／掌握电脑

掌摑／掌掴 (zhǎngguāi)
掌擊／掌击
掌案兒的／掌案儿的
掌櫃／掌柜 (zhǎngguì)
掌櫃的／掌柜的
掌權／掌权 (zhǎngquán)
掌燈／掌灯
掌璽大臣／掌玺大臣
掌璽官／掌玺官
掌紋／掌纹 (zhǎngwén)
掌聲／掌声 (zhǎngshēng)
掌聲雷動／掌声雷动 (zhǎngshēngléidòng)
掌鍋／掌锅
掌門／掌门 (zhǎngmén)
掌門人／掌门人 (zhǎngménrén)
揚掌／扬掌
蘭花掌／兰花掌 (lánhuāzhǎng)
馬掌／马掌 (mǎzhǎng)

Descendants

→ Mongolian: зан (zan, “sole”)

Japanese

Kanji

掌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

palm of the hand
manipulate
rule; administer

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kun: てのひら (tenohira, 掌); たなごころ (tanagokoro, 掌); たなそこ (tanasoko, 掌); つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 掌る)

Compounds

掌握
掌鞅
掌管
掌故
掌中
掌典

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
掌
てのひら Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
手の平手のひら

From 手(て) (te, “hand”) + の (no, “-'s”) + 平(ひら) (hira, “flat”). Compare English flat of one's hand.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) てのひら [tènóꜜhìrà] (Nakadaka – [2])
(Tokyo) てのひら [téꜜnòhìrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [te̞no̞çiɾa̠]

Noun

掌(てのひら) • (te-no-hira)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
掌
たなうら Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 裏(うら) (ura, “hidden side”).

Noun

掌(たなうら) • (tanaura)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
掌
たなごころ Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 心(こころ) (kokoro, “heart; inside”, rendaku form 心(ごころ) (gokoro)).

Noun

掌(たなごころ) • (tanagokoro)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
掌
しょう Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X).

Suffix

掌(しょう) • (-shō) ^{←しやう (syau)^?}

(martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve hitting and pushing hard with the palm
条(じゅう)拳(けん)法(ぽう)　八(はっ)卦(け)六(ろく)十(じゅう)四(よん)掌(しょう)
Jūkenpō Hakke Rokujūyonshō
Jūkenpō: Eight Trigrams, Sixty-Four Palms
- 2003 September 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “第(だい)60話(わ)　少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
  これがこの赤(セキ)を師(スー)兵(ペイ)の頂(ちょう)点(てん)たらしめる炎(ほのお)だッ!!!我(が)龍(りゅう)双(そう)煉(れん)掌(しょう)
  Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō
  This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource掌 (eumhun 손바닥 장 (sonbadak jang))

Hanja form^? of 장 (“palm of the hand”).

Compounds

장악 (掌握, jang'ak)
장갑 (掌匣/掌甲, janggap)
박장 (拍掌, bakjang)
분장 (分掌, bunjang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

掌: Hán Nôm readings: chưởng

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