拳
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Translingual
Han character
拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)
Related characters
- 券
References
- KangXi: page 428, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
- Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
- Unihan data for U+62F3
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 拳 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 搼 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
潫 | *qroːn, *qon, *qron |
豢 | *ɡroːns |
勬 | *kron, *krons |
韏 | *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons |
眷 | *krons |
桊 | *krons |
絭 | *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ |
觠 | *krons, *ɡron |
飬 | *krons |
弮 | *kʰron, *krons |
拳 | *ɡron |
卷 | *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ |
齤 | *ɡron |
券 | *kʰons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.
Etymology
From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
Definitions
拳
- fist
- Chinese boxing
- Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
- Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”).
- a surname
- Martial
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 拳 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 拳頭, 拳 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 拳頭 |
Taiwan | 拳頭 | |
Ulanhot | 拳頭 | |
Tongliao | 拳頭 | |
Chifeng | 拳頭 | |
Bayanhot | 拳頭, 槌頭 | |
Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 拳頭 | |
Harbin | 拳頭 | |
Jinan | 拳頭, 拳 | |
Luoyang | 拳頭 | |
Wanrong | 槌頭子 | |
Wanrong (Ronghe) | 槌骨嘟 | |
Zhengzhou | 槌 | |
Xi'an | 槌頭子 | |
Yinchuan | 槌頭 | |
Lanzhou | 槌頭 | |
Xining | 槌頭, 槌骨嘟 | |
Ürümqi | 槌頭 | |
Wuhan | 拳頭, 槌子 | |
Chengdu | 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子 | |
Guiyang | 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣 | |
Kunming | 拳頭 | |
Guilin | 拳頭 | |
Liuzhou | 拳頭 | |
Xuzhou | 皮槌, 槌頭子 | |
Yangzhou | 拳頭 | |
Nanjing | 拳頭 | |
Hefei | 拳頭 | |
Nantong | 拳頭 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 槌頭 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 拳頭 |
Hong Kong | 拳頭 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 拳頭 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 拳頭公 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 拳頭 | |
Taishan | 拳頭 | |
Dongguan | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 | |
Yangjiang | 拳頭, 槌頭 | |
Xinyi | 拳槌 | |
Nanning | 拳頭, 拳槌 | |
Wuzhou | 拳頭, 拳槌 | |
Yulin | 拳槌 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 拳頭, 槌頭 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 拳頭 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 拳頭 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 拳頭, 槌頭 |
Lichuan | 拳頭 | |
Pingxiang | 槌頭牯 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 拳頭 |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 拳頭 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 拳牯 | |
Wengyuan | 拳頭 | |
Liannan | 拳 | |
Jiexi | 拳頭牯 | |
Luhe | 拳頭牯 | |
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 拳頭嫲牯 | |
Changting | 拳頭 | |
Wuping | 拳頭 | |
Wuping (Yanqian) | 拳頭 | |
Ninghua | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 | |
Yudu | 拳頭牯, 拳頭 | |
Ningdu | 拳頭腦 | |
Shicheng | 拳頭牯 | |
Tonggu (Sandu) | 拳頭 | |
Ganzhou (Panlong) | 拳頭 | |
Dayu | 拳頭 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 拳頭嫲, 拳頭 | |
Hong Kong | 拳頭, 拳頭牯 | |
Yangxi (Tangkou) | 拳頭 | |
Yangchun (Sanjia) | 拳頭 | |
Xinyi (Sihe) | 拳頭 | |
Xinyi (Qianpai) | 拳頭 | |
Gaozhou (Xindong) | 拳頭 | |
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 拳頭 | |
Huazhou (Xin'an) | 拳捶 | |
Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 拳, 拳頭 | |
Lianjiang (Qingping) | 拳頭 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 拳 | |
Luchuan | 拳 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 槌 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 拳頭 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 拳頭 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭 |
Pingyao | 圪都, 槌頭子 | |
Xinzhou | 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭 | |
Taibus (Baochang) | 拳頭 | |
Linhe | 槌頭 | |
Jining | 拳頭 | |
Hohhot | 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都 | |
Baotou | 拳頭 | |
Dongsheng | 拳頭 | |
Haibowan | 槌頭 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 拳頭 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
Fuqing | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 拳頭母, 拳頭 |
Quanzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 | |
Jinjiang | 拳頭母 | |
Yongchun | 拳頭母 | |
Zhangzhou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 | |
Zhao'an | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Dongshan | 拳頭母 | |
Taipei | 拳頭母 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 拳頭母 | |
Kaohsiung | 拳頭母, 拳頭 | |
Yilan | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Taichung | 拳頭母 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 拳頭母 | |
Tainan | 拳頭母 | |
Taitung | 拳頭母 | |
Hsinchu | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Kinmen | 拳頭 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 拳頭母 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 拳頭母 | |
Zhangping (Yongfu) | 拳頭, 拳頭母 | |
Pingnan (Shangdu) | 拳頭母 | |
Chaozhou | 拳頭母 | |
Shantou | 拳頭母, 拳頭 | |
Jieyang | 拳頭母 | |
Haifeng | 拳頭 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 拳頭 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 拳頭 | |
Wenchang | 拳母, 拳頭母 | |
Haikou | 拳母, 拳 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 拳頭 |
Xianyou | 拳頭牯 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 拳頭, 拳槌 |
Shehua | Fu'an | 拳頭 |
Fuding | 拳頭 | |
Luoyuan | 拳頭 | |
Sanming | 拳頭 | |
Shunchang | 拳頭 | |
Hua'an | 拳頭 | |
Cangnan | 拳頭 | |
Jingning | 拳頭牯 | |
Lishui | 鋤頭牯 | |
Longyou | 鋤頭牯 | |
Chaozhou | 拳頭 | |
Fengshun | 拳頭牯 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 拳頭 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 拳頭 | |
Suzhou | 拳頭 | |
Wuxi | 拳頭 | |
Danyang | 拳頭 | |
Hangzhou | 拳頭 | |
Ningbo | 拳頭 | |
Wenzhou | 拳, 拳頭 | |
Jinhua | 拳, 拳頭 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 拳頭牯 |
Loudi | 槌頭牯, 槌頭 | |
Shuangfeng | 槌頭牯 | |
Quanzhou | 拳頭 |
Descendants
- → Japanese: 拳 (ken)
- → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
- → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)
- → Bouyei: jianz
- → Zhuang: gienz
Compounds
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Japanese
Shinjitai | 拳 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3][4] | 拳󠄁 拳+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | |
拳󠄃 拳+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
- fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves
Readings
- Go-on: げん (gen)←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kun: こぶし (kobushi, 拳, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かたし (katashi); つとむ (tsutomu)
Compounds
- 拳拳 (kenken)
- 拳固 (genko)
- 拳骨 (genkotsu)
- 拳酒 (genzake)
- 拳銃 (kenjū)
- 拳打 (kenda)
- 拳玉 (kendama)
- 拳闘 (kentō, “boxing”)
- 拳匪 (kenpi)
- 拳法 (kenpō)
- 拳万 (genman)
- 合拳 (aiken)
- 石拳 (ishiken)
- 狐拳 (kitsuneken)
- 軍師拳 (gunshiken)
- 薩摩拳 (satsumaken)
- じゃん拳 (janken)
- 手拳 (shuken)
- 庄屋拳 (shōyaken)
- 少林拳 (shōrinken)
- 太極拳 (taikyokuken)
- 鉄拳 (tekken)
- 闘拳 (tōken)
- 藤八拳 (tōhachiken)
- 徒手空拳 (toshukūken)
- 虎拳 (toraken)
- 本拳 (honken)
- 交ぜ拳, 雑ぜ拳 (mazeken)
- 虫拳 (mushiken)
- 野球拳 (yakyūken)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
拳 |
こぶし Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 拳 – see the following entry. | ||||
| ||||
(This term, 拳, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
拳 |
けん Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC ɡˠiuᴇn).
The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) けん [kéꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[6][7] for the noun sense
- IPA(key): [kẽ̞ɴ]
Noun
拳 • (ken)
- [from 1500s] a fist
- Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
- [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
- [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)
Suffix
拳 • (-ken)
- (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
- Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
- 蟷螂拳
- tōrōken
- mantis style
- 太極拳
- taikyokuken
- tai chi
- 波動拳
- Hadōken
- Surge Fist
- 1999 February 20 [Apr 15 1994], Takahashi, Rumiko, “PART.2 海千拳と山千拳 [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], volume 28 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
- やつの目的はおそらく、山千拳と対をなす海千拳の秘伝書。
- Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
- He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
- Umisenken?
- Umisenken?
- やつの目的はおそらく、山千拳と対をなす海千拳の秘伝書。
- 2000 December 20 [May 17 1999], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水面の戦いの巻 [Water Struggle]”, in 新鉄拳チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], volume 6 (fiction), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
- 今度はこっちの番だソウビ‼
- Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
- It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
- Mu
- Mm?
- Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
- Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
- Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
- Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
- 今度はこっちの番だソウビ‼
- 2001 January 23, Kurumada, Masami, “女神の聖闘士の巻 [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint星矢 [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
- ペガサス流星拳‼
- Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
- Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
- ペガサス流星拳‼
- 2004 September 8, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第36話 カーニバル[祭] [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
- 直撃!ブラボー拳‼
- Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
- Direct! Bravo Punch‼
- 直撃!ブラボー拳‼
References
- “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “拳”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC ɡˠiuᴇn).
Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))
- Hanja form? of 권 (“fist”).
Compounds
- 권총 (拳銃, gwonchong)
- 권투 (拳鬪, gwontu)
- 철권 (鐵拳, cheolgwon)
- 권법 (拳法, gwonbeop)
- 권용 (拳勇, gwonyong)
- 태권도 (跆拳道, taegwondo, “taekwondo”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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