戚戚

戚戚

Chinese

Etymology 1

		get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe	get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚
variant forms		慼慼 “sorrowful”

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qīqī

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹ cik¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chhiak-chhiak / chhek-chhek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qīqī
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chichi
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cici
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cik¹ cik¹
    • Yale: chīk chīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷ tsik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: qig¹ qig¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak-chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak-tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiakchiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik-tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhekzheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰek̚  t͡sʰek̚/▼

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk  s.tʰˤiwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ  sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚
Reading #	2/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	relatives	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Adjective

戚戚

1. (ideophonic, literary) intimate; closely related
2. (ideophonic, literary) apprehensive; distressed; sorrowful

   • 子曰：「君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ tǎndàngdàng, xiǎorén cháng qīqī.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.”

3. (ideophonic, literary, of one's heart) moved; swayed

Derived terms

君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚／君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚 悲悲戚戚 愁戚戚

戚戚具爾／戚戚具尔 戚戚嗟嗟 瑣瑣戚戚／琐琐戚戚

Etymology 2

		hurried	hurried
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cùcù

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: cùcù
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuhtsuh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cùcù
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

Adjective

戚戚

1. (ideophonic, literary) hurried; rushed