戚

See also: 慼

戚	U+621A, 戚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-621A

← 戙
[U+6219]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戛 →
[U+621B]

Translingual

Han character

戚 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹卜一火 (IHYMF), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿵戊尗)

Derived characters

傶嘁墄慽摵槭磩䙘縬䗩䠞鏚顣㗤㞝慼蹙

References

KangXi: page 412, character 38

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11594

Dae Jaweon: page 755, character 26

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1406, character 15

Unihan data for U+621A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戚
alternative forms		慼／戚慽鏚／𬭭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椒	*ʔsliw
茮	*ʔsliw
踧	l'ɯːwɢ, ʔslɯwɢ
蔋	*l'ɯːwɢ
惄	*nɯːwɢ
戚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慼	*sʰlɯːwɢ
鏚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慽	*sʰlɯːwɢ
磩	*sʰlɯːwɢ
寂	*zlɯːwɢ
嘁	*ʔsluːb
墄	*sʰlɯːɡ
摵	srɯːɡ, ʔslɯwɢ, *srɯwɢ
督	*ʔl'uːwɢ
錖	*ʔl'uːwɢ
裻	ʔl'uːwɢ, sluːwɢ
傶	*ʔslɯːwɢ
蹙	*ʔslɯwɢ
槭	*ʔslɯwɢ
縬	ʔslɯwɢ, ʔsrɯwɢ
顣	*ʔslɯwɢ
敊	*l̥ʰɯwɢ
琡	ʔljɯwɢ, l̥ʰjɯwɢ
俶	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
埱	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
淑	*ɦljɯwɢ
婌	*ɦljɯwɢ
尗	*hljɯwɢ
叔	*hljɯwɢ
掓	*hljɯwɢ
菽	*hljɯwɢ
鮛	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰlɯːwɢ) : semantic 戊 (“scythe”) + phonetic 尗 (OC *hljɯwɢ) – in early sense, a battle-axe, a kind of cutting weapon.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qī (qi¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhit
Min Bei (KCR): chĭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek
(Teochew, Peng'im): cêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cik¹
  - Yale: chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
  - Hakka Romanization System: qid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰit̚²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰek̚²/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰek̚/

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk/
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Definitions

戚

relative
to be related to
sad
^† battle-axe
- 形天與帝至此（奇肱之國）爭神，帝斷其首，葬之長羊之山。乃以乳為目，以臍為口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  形天与帝至此（奇肱之国）争神，帝断其首，葬之长羊之山。乃以乳为目，以脐为口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
  Xíngtiān yǔ dì zhì cǐ (jī gōng zhī guó) zhēng shén, dì duàn qí shǒu, zàng zhī chángyáng zhī shān. Nǎi yǐ rǔ wéi mù, yǐ qí wéi kǒu, cāo gān qī yǐ wǔ. [Pinyin]
  When Xingtian fought with the Supreme Deity there (the land of people with odd/uneven upper-arms), the Supreme Deity decapitated him and buried his head at Changyang Mountain. [But Xingtian's] nipples became his eyes, his belly button became his mouth and the thrusting of his shield and battle-axe became his dance.
a surname
戚繼光／戚继光 ― Qī Jìguāng ― Qi Jiguang (Ming dynasty general)

Compounds

休戚 (xiūqī)
右戚
同休共戚
哀戚 (āiqī)
外戚 (wàiqī)
悲悲戚戚
悲戚 (bēiqī)
愁戚戚
懿戚
戚串
戚容
戚戚 (qīqī)
戚施 (qīshī)
戚族
戚然

欣戚
炊臼之戚
甯戚扣角
籧篨戚施
高朋故戚
鼓盆之戚
干戚
戚里
朱干玉戚
串親戚／串亲戚
休戚相關／休戚相关 (xiūqīxiāngguān)
休戚與共／休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
內戚／内戚
國戚／国戚 (guóqī)

國戚皇親／国戚皇亲
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī)
戚屬／戚属
戚舊／戚旧
戚誼／戚谊 (qīyì)
戚黨／戚党
攀親引戚／攀亲引戚
王公貴戚／王公贵戚
甯戚飯牛／甯戚饭牛
皇親國戚／皇亲国戚 (huángqīnguóqī)
自詒伊戚／自诒伊戚
自貽伊戚／自贻伊戚
親戚／亲戚 (qīnqī)
貴戚／贵戚 (guìqī)

Japanese

Kanji

戚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

grieve

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
On: そく (soku)
Kun: みうち (miuchi, 戚); いたむ (itamu, 戚む); うれえる (ureeru, 戚える)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 戚 (MC t͡sʰek̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑 (chyek) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource戚 (eumhun 친척 척 (chincheok cheok))

Hanja form^? of 척 (“kin; relative”).
Hanja form^? of 척 (“grieve”).

Compounds

친척 (親戚, chincheok)
인척 (姻戚, incheok)
휴척 (休戚, hyucheok)
외척 (外戚, oecheok)
애척 (哀戚, aecheok)
친인척 (親姻戚, chinincheok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

戚: Hán Nôm readings: thích

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