成功

成功

Chinese

		finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth	merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment
simp. and trad. (成功)		成	功
anagram		功成

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chénggōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-kûng
• Min Dong (BUC): sìng-gŭng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng-kong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ gong¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): zen kon (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: chénggōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernggong
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sing⁴ gung¹
    • Yale: sìhng gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ gung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-kûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ gung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin² gung¹
    • IPA: /sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-gŭng
    • IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-kong
    • Tâi-lô: sîng-kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sengkofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵ gong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng kong
    • IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: zen kon (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻əɲ²² kʊŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiᴇŋ  kuŋ/▼

Rime
Character	成	功
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	是征切	古紅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/	/kuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæŋ/	/kuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajŋ/	/kəwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/	/kuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	gōng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ|m-[d]eŋ  kˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ  koːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	成	成	功
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng	chéng	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ dzyeng ›	‹ kuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eŋ/	/*m-[d]eŋ/	/*kˁoŋ/
English	to become (v.i.)	to complete (tr. v)	work, effort
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	成	功
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1417	4021
Phonetic component	成	工
Rime group	耕	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	成	公
Old Chinese	/*djeŋ/	/*koːŋ/
Notes	說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成

Verb

成功

1. to succeed; to achieve success; to be successful

   雖然我們不敢說你一定會成功，但是也絕對沒有人敢說你一定不會成功！ [MSC, trad.]
   虽然我们不敢说你一定会成功，但是也绝对没有人敢说你一定不会成功！ [MSC, simp.]

   Suīrán wǒmen bùgǎn shuō nǐ yīdìng huì chénggōng, dànshì yě juéduì méiyǒu rén gǎn shuō nǐ yīdìng bùhuì chénggōng! [Pinyin]

   Though we dare not say you'll definitely succeed, no one would dare say you definitely won't!

   那次抗議沒成功。 / 那次抗议没成功。  ―  Nà cì kàngyì méi chénggōng.  ―  That protest was not successful.

2. (literary) to complete a task

   • 東漸于海，西被于流沙，朔南暨聲教訖于四海。禹錫玄圭，告厥成功。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     东渐于海，西被于流沙，朔南暨声教讫于四海。禹锡玄圭，告厥成功。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Dōng jiàn yú hǎi, xī bèi yú liúshā, shuò nán jì shēngjiào qì yú sìhǎi. Yǔ xī xuánguī, gào jué chénggōng. [Pinyin]

     On the east, reaching to the sea; on the west, extending to the moving sands; to the utmost limits of the north and south— his fame and influence filled up (all within) the four seas. Yu presented the dark-coloured symbol of his rank, and announced the completion of his work.

3. (literary) to gather in the crops; to harvest
4. (literary) to agree; to allow; to permit

Synonyms

• (to succeed): 勝利／胜利 (shènglì)

Antonyms

• (to succeed): 失敗／失败 (shībài)

Noun

成功

1. success; prosperity

   取得成功  ―  qǔdé chénggōng  ―  to succeed

   沒有成功，哪來的幸福？ [MSC, trad.]
   没有成功，哪来的幸福？ [MSC, simp.]

   Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]

   How can one be happy without success?

   失敗乃成功之母。 / 失败乃成功之母。  ―  Shībài nǎi chénggōng zhī mǔ.  ―  Failure is the mother of success. (proverb)

   最後，預祝大會獲得圓滿成功！ [MSC, trad.]
   最后，预祝大会获得圆满成功！ [MSC, simp.]

   Zuìhòu, yùzhù dàhuì huòdé yuánmǎn chénggōng! [Pinyin]

   To conclude, I wish the conference a great success!

2. (literary) achievements; exploits; deeds
3. (literary) effect; outcome

Adjective

成功

1. successful

   一個很成功的人 / 一个很成功的人  ―  yī ge hěn chénggōng de rén  ―  a very successful person

Adverb

成功

1. successfully

   他成功獲得哈佛大學獎學金，前往美國深造。 [MSC, trad.]
   他成功获得哈佛大学奖学金，前往美国深造。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā chénggōng huòdé Hāfó Dàxué jiǎngxuéjīn, qiánwǎng Měiguó shēnzào. [Pinyin]

   He successfully gained a scholarship from the Harvard University, and went to the US to further his studies.

Proper noun

成功

1. (～鎮) Chenggong (an urban township in Taitung, Taiwan)
2. (～村) Chenggong (a village in Caidian, Caidian, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

Derived terms

失敗是成功之母／失败是成功之母 (shībài shì chénggōng zhī mǔ) 成功嶺／成功岭 成功率 (chénggōnglǜ)

迄未成功 馬到成功／马到成功 (mǎdào-chénggōng)

See also

• 功成 (gōngchéng)
• 功成名就 (gōngchéngmíngjiù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (成功):

• → Japanese: 成 (せい)功 (こう) (seikō)
• → Korean: 성공 (成功, seonggong)
• → Vietnamese: thành công (成功)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
成	功
せい Grade: 4	こう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 成功 (d͡ʑiᴇŋ kuŋ).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) せーこー [sèékóó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA^(key): [se̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

成功 (hiragana せいこう, rōmaji seikō)

1. success
2. success in life, achievement in the world

Synonyms

• (success): 完 (かん)成 (せい) (kansei), 成 (な)し遂 (と)げる (nashitogeru)

Antonyms

• (success): 失敗 (しっぱい) (shippai)

Derived terms

• 勤 (きん)勉 (べん)は成 (せい)功 (こう)の母 (はは) (kinben wa seikō no haha)
• 失敗 (しっぱい)は成 (せい)功 (こう)のもと (shippai wa seikō no moto)
• 成 (せい)功 (こう)報 (ほう)酬 (しゅう) (seikō hōshū)
• 成 (せい)功 (こう)裏 (り) (seikōri), 成 (せい)功 (こう)裡 (り) (seikōri)
• 不 (ふ)成 (せい)功 (こう) (fuseikō)

Verb

成功する (hiragana せいこうする, rōmaji seikō suru)

1. succeed

   製 (せい)品 (ひん)の開発 (かいはつ)に成 (せい)功 (こう)した。

   Seihin no kaihatsu ni seikō shita.

   We successfully developed the product.

2. be successful in life

Conjugation

Conjugation of "成功する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	成功し	せいこうし	seikō shi
Continuative (連用形)	成功し	せいこうし	seikō shi
Terminal (終止形)	成功する	せいこうする	seikō suru
Attributive (連体形)	成功する	せいこうする	seikō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	成功すれ	せいこうすれ	seikō sure
Imperative (命令形)	成功せよ¹ 成功しろ²	せいこうせよ¹ せいこうしろ²	seikō seyo¹ seikō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	成功される	せいこうされる	seikō sareru
Causative	成功させる 成功さす	せいこうさせる せいこうさす	seikō saseru seikō sasu
Potential	成功できる	せいこうできる	seikō dekiru
Volitional	成功しよう	せいこうしよう	seikō shiyō
Negative	成功しない	せいこうしない	seikō shinai
Negative continuative	成功せず	せいこうせず	seikō sezu
Formal	成功します	せいこうします	seikō shimasu
Perfective	成功した	せいこうした	seikō shita
Conjunctive	成功して	せいこうして	seikō shite
Hypothetical conditional	成功すれば	せいこうすれば	seikō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
成	功

Noun

成功 • (seonggong) (hangeul 성공)

1. Hanja form^? of 성공 (“success”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
成	功

Verb

成功

1. Hán tự form of thành công (“to succeed”).