戌

See also: 戊, 戍, and 戉

戌	U+620C, 戌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-620C

← 戋
[U+620B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戍 →
[U+620D]

Translingual

Han character

戌 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一 (IHM), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿵戊一(GHTJK) or ⿹戈⿰丿一(V))

Descendants

㖅, 㤜, 𢬮, 䢕, 𣧵, 𤇳, 珬, 𥅜, 𧧐, 𧻗, 銊(𫓰), 䬄, 𪉇, 𦐴, 𦮠, 𥅛, 咸, 威, 烕, 𢦹, 嵗, 歲, 歳

References

KangXi: page 411, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11535
Dae Jaweon: page 752, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1398, character 1
Unihan data for U+620C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戌
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (戌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
滅	*med
搣	*med
烕	*hmed
戌	*smid
珬	*smid
銊	*smid

Pictogram (象形) – an axe.

Etymology 1

Smith (2011) proposes that 戌 (OC *smid), graphically depicting an ax or halberd, is nominal derivative of the verb 滅 (OC *med) "to annihilate" "by the multivalent prefix *s- (‘annihilate’ > ‘annihilator’ and thus ‘axe’)" & it was used to name the late, broad waxing crescent moon.

Association with the dog was possibly arbitrary; just as how 辰 was associated arbitarily with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
(Chengdu, SP): xuo² / xu⁴ / xu¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xyeh⁴
Min Dong (BUC): sók
Min Nan (POJ): sut
Wu (Wiktionary): xiq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xuo² / xu⁴ / xu¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiuo / xy / xy
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyo²¹/, /ɕy²¹³/, /ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: seot¹
  - Yale: sēut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyəʔ²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
  - Tâi-lô: sut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sud
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xiq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 戌
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕy⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/sy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/sy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕy²¹³/ 新 /ɕi²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiu³¹/
	Nanjing	/syʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyəʔ⁴⁴³⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/siəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/si²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sut̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/søt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sut̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/souʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/suk̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tut̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /siuɪt̚/

Rime
Character	戌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	辛聿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swit̚/
Li Rong	/siuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.mi[t]/
(Zhengzhang): /*smid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ swit ›
Old Chinese	/*s.mi[t]/
English	11th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戌
Reading #	1/1
No.	13945
Phonetic component	戌
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	卹
Old Chinese	/*smid/

Definitions

戌

eleventh of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
Dog (狗) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

(earthly branches) 地支; 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

戌削
戌月 (Xūyuè)

戊戌政變／戊戌政变
戊戌變法／戊戌变法 (Wùxū Biànfǎ)

戌時／戌时 (xūshí)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qu (qu⁵)
(Zhuyin): ˙ㄑㄩ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qu
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄑㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyů
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü⁵
  - Yale: chyu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .chiu
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy/

Definitions

戌

Only used in 屈戌 (“metal fastening”).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 戌 *– see 恤 (“(Cantonese) latch”).* (This character, 戌, is a variant form of 恤.)

Japanese

Kanji

戌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しゅち (shuchi)
Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
Kan’yō-on: じゅつ (jutsu)
Kun: いぬ (inu, 戌)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
戌
いぬ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From 犬 (inu, “dog”).

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) いぬ [ìnú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [inɯ̟ᵝ]

Homophones: 犬, 狗

Proper noun

戌(いぬ) • (Inu)

the Dog, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

Noun

戌(いぬ) • (inu)

the hour of the dog; a historical dual-hour equivalent to 7PM - 9PM
- c. 935,: Tosa Nikki (page 3)
  それの年の十二月の二十日あまり一日の日の戌の刻に、門出す。
  I departed on the twenty and one day of the twelfth month of that year at the hour of the dog.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
戌
じゅつ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 戌 (swit).

Proper noun

戌(じゅつ) • (Jutsu)

the Dog, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches

References

Hasegawa, Masaharu; Yūichirō Imanishi, Hiroshi Itō, Hiroshi Yoshioka (1989) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 24: Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, Sarashina Nikki, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

戌 (eum 술 (sul))

11th terrestrial branch

Vietnamese

Han character

戌: Hán Nôm readings: tuất

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