戀
See also: 恋
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Translingual
| Japanese | 恋 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 恋 |
| Traditional | 戀 |
Han character
戀 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+19, 23 strokes, cangjie input 女火心 (VFP), four-corner 22339, composition ⿱䜌心)
Derived characters
- 纞 㜻 𡆕 𡈻 𢦋 𤼣 𦣛 𧆎 𨈌(𨄄) 𬬦
References
- KangXi: page 409, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11504
- Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2372, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6200
- Unihan data for U+F990
Chinese
| trad. | 戀 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 恋* | |
| alternative forms | 𤕈 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (䜌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
戀
- to love
- 戀愛／恋爱 ― liàn'ài ― to be in love
- to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to
- 留戀／留恋 ― liúliàn ― to be reluctant to leave
- 羈鳥戀舊林，池魚思故淵。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 5th century, Tao Yuanming, 歸園田居·其一
- Jīniǎo liàn jiù lín, chíyú sī gù yuān. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
- 愛／爱 (ài)
Compounds
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Japanese
Shinjitai | 恋 |
Kyūjitai | 戀 |
Kanji
戀
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恋)
- Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love
Readings
- Go-on: れん (ren)
- Kan-on: れん (ren)
- Kun: こい (koi, 戀)←こひ (kofi, historical); こいしい (koishii, 戀しい)←こひしい (kofisii, historical); こう (kou, 戀う)←こふ (kofu, historical)
Korean
Hanja
戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), South Korea 사모할 연 (samohal yeon))
- Hanja form? of 련/연 (“love”).
- Hanja form? of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”).
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 戀ふ (ko1pu, “to love, yearn”).
Noun
戀 (ko1pi2) (kana こひ)
- love, especially romantic love
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 596), text here
- 八百日徃濱之沙毛吾戀二豈不益歟奥嶋守
- yapoka yuku hama no2 manago1 no2 aga ko1pi2 ni ani masarazi oki1 tu simamori
- On so vast a shore―that one could walk eight hundred days―would the grains of sand number greater than my love, o guardian of the outer isles?[1]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 596), text here
- longing, yearning
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 325), text here
- 明日香河川余藤不去立霧乃念應過孤悲尓不有國
- Asuka-gapa kapayo2do2 sarazu tatu ki1ri no2 omopi1 sugu beki ko1pi2 ni aranaku ni
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 325), text here
Derived terms
- 戀し (ko1pi2si)
- 戀す (ko1pi2su)
- 戀の奴 (ko1pi2 no yatuko1)
Descendants
- Japanese: 恋 (こい, koi)
Etymology 2
Appears in 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern songs”) in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
The distinction of ⟨-i1⟩ and ⟨-i2⟩ in some Eastern dialects has been lost. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
戀 (ko1pi1) (kana こひ)
- (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as コ甲ヒ乙 (ko1pi2) above
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4366), text here
- 比多知散思由可牟加里母我阿我古比乎志留志弖都祁弖伊母尓志良世牟
- Pi1tati sasi yukamu kari moga aga ko1pi1 wo sirusite tuge1te imo ni sirasemu
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4366), text here
Derived terms
- 戀し (ko1pi1si)
References
- Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 570
Vietnamese
Han character
戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến[1][2][3][4][5]
戀: Nôm readings: luyến[1][2], luýnh[2]
- chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”).
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Trần (2004).
- Nguyễn (1974).
- Trần (1999).
- Thiều Chửu (1942).