憲章

See also: 宪章

Chinese

		statute; constitution	chapter; seal; section
trad. (憲章)		憲	章
simp. (宪章)		宪	章

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiànzhāng
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³ zoeng¹
Min Nan (POJ): hiàn-chiong / hiàn-chiang

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiànzhāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siànjhang
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴-chang¹
  - Yale: syàn-jāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiannjang
  - Palladius: сяньчжан (sjanʹčžan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin³ zoeng¹
  - Yale: hin jēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³ dzoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³ zêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³ t͡ʃœːŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiernciofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn-chiang
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn-tsiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiernciafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /hɨɐn^H t͡ɕɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	憲	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	許建切	諸良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐn^H/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐn^H/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐn^H/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨan^H/	/cɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/xiɐn^H/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭɐn^H/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn	zhāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin³	zoeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar taŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*hŋans kjaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjon^H ›	‹ tsyang ›
Old Chinese	/qʰar/ (~ qʰar-s)	/*taŋ/
English	law; model; rule	brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4849	16817
Phonetic component	害	章
Rime group	元	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	獻	章
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/	/*kjaŋ/

Noun

憲章

charter (document)
聯合國憲章 [MSC, trad.]
联合国宪章 [MSC, simp.]
Liánhéguó Xiànzhāng [Pinyin]
Charter of the United Nations
(literary, historical) ancient laws and regulations

Synonyms

(ancient laws and regulations): 典章制度 (diǎnzhāng zhìdù), 典制 (diǎnzhì)

Derived terms

大憲章／大宪章 (Dà Xiànzhāng)

Verb

憲章

(literary) to follow the example of; to take as one's model; to pattern after; to imitate
- 仲尼祖述堯舜，憲章文武，上律天時，下襲水土。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  仲尼祖述尧舜，宪章文武，上律天时，下袭水土。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Zhòngní zǔshù Yáo-Shùn, xiànzhāng Wén-Wǔ, shàng lǜ tiānshí, xià xí shuǐtǔ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 憲章

仿效 (fǎngxiào)
仿照 (fǎngzhào)
仿行 (fǎngxíng)
取法 (qǔfǎ)
宗法 (zōngfǎ)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
效尤 (xiàoyóu) (literary, to mimic wrongdoing)
效法 (xiàofǎ)
模仿 (mófǎng)

步武 (bùwǔ) (literary)
法象 (fǎxiàng) (archaic)
遵法 (zūnfǎ) (literary)
師匠／师匠 (shījiàng) (literary)
師法／师法 (shīfǎ) (literary)
憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ) (Classical Chinese)
範圍／范围 (fànwéi) (Classical Chinese)
觀象／观象 (guānxiàng) (literary)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
憲	章
けん Grade: 6	しょう Grade: 3
kan’on	on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんしょー [kèńshóó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Noun

憲(けん)章(しょう) • (kenshō) ^{←けんしやう (kensyau)^?}

charter

Derived terms

国(こく)連(れん)憲(けん)章(しょう) (kokuren kenshō)
児(じ)童(どう)憲(けん)章(しょう) (jidō kenshō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
憲	章
のり Grade: 6	あき Grade: 3
nanori

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) のりあき [nòríꜜàkì] (Nakadaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [no̞ɾʲia̠kʲi]

Proper noun

憲(のり)章(あき) • (Noriaki)

a male given name

References

2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
憲	章

Noun

憲章 • (heonjang) (hangeul 헌장)

Hanja form^? of 헌장 (“charter”).

[SMK7-1] 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN