憚

See also: 惮

憚	U+619A, 憚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-619A

← 憙
[U+6199]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憛 →
[U+619B]

Translingual

Han character

憚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心口口十 (PRRJ), four-corner 9605₆, composition ⿰忄單)

References

KangXi: page 403, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11222

Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2354, character 8

Unihan data for U+619A

Chinese

trad.		憚
simp.		惮
alternative forms		𢠸譂／𫟠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 憚
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嚲	*taːlʔ
癉	taːlʔ, taːls, taːn, daːn
奲	taːlʔ, tʰjaːlʔ
驒	daːl, daːn, *teːn
鼉	*daːl
磾	*teːl
鷤	deːl, deːls, *daːn
觶	tjal, tjals
單	taːn, djan, djanʔ, djans
鄲	*taːn
殫	*taːn
簞	*taːn
匰	*taːn
襌	*taːn
彈	daːn, daːns
貚	daːn, deːn
撣	daːn, daːnʔ, daːns, djan, *taːnʔ
潬	*daːnʔ
僤	daːnʔ, daːns, *djan
憚	*daːns
樿	*tjanʔ
燀	tjanʔ, tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰	*tjans
闡	*tʰjanʔ
繟	*tʰjanʔ
幝	*tʰjanʔ
嘽	tʰaːn, tʰjanʔ
灛	*tʰjanʔ
蟬	*djan
禪	djan, djans
嬋	*djan
墠	*djanʔ
鱓	*djanʔ
蕇	*teːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daːns) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to shiver, to tremble”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daan⁶
Min Nan (POJ): tōaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
  - Wade–Giles: tan⁴
  - Yale: dàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
  - Palladius: дань (danʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daan⁶
  - Yale: daahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tuānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvoa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tuã²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tuã³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã³³/

Middle Chinese: /dɑn^H/

Rime
Character	憚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒案切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan^H/
Li Rong	/dɑn^H/
Wang Li	/dɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*daːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憚
Reading #	1/1
No.	2012
Phonetic component	單
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憚
Old Chinese	/*daːns/

Definitions

憚

(literary) to fear
- 我心憚暑、憂心如熏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  我心惮暑、忧心如熏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wǒxīn dàn shǔ, yōuxīn rú xūn. [Pinyin]
  My heart is terrified with the heat; - my sorrowing heart is as if on fire.
- 我向來是不憚以最壞的惡意，來推測中國人的。 [MSC, trad.]
  我向来是不惮以最坏的恶意，来推测中国人的。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1926, Lu Xun, “In Memory of Miss Liu Hezhen”
  Wǒ xiànglái shì bù dàn yǐ zuì huài de èyì, lái tuīcè zhōngguórén de. [Pinyin]
  All along, I do not fear to think the worst of Chinese people.

Compounds

不憚／不惮 (bùdàn)
不憚其煩／不惮其烦
不憚強禦／不惮强御
不憚煩／不惮烦
全無忌憚／全无忌惮
動憚／动惮

忌憚／忌惮 (jìdàn)
憚勞／惮劳
憚服／惮服
憚煩／惮烦 (dànfán)
憚赫／惮赫
毫無忌憚／毫无忌惮

無所忌憚／无所忌惮
無所顧憚／无所顾惮
益無忌憚／益无忌惮
肆無忌憚／肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn)
貧憚／贫惮 (pîn-tōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
過勿憚改／过勿惮改

Japanese

Kanji

憚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惮)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: だん (dan)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
On: た (ta)
Kun: はばかる (habakaru, 憚る); はばかり (habakari, 憚り)

Korean

Hanja

憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)

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Vietnamese

Han character

憚: Hán Nôm readings: dạn, đạn, đặn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.