慚

See also: 惭

慚	U+615A, 慚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-615A

← 慙
[U+6159]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慛 →
[U+615B]

Translingual

Han character

慚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心十十中 (PJJL), four-corner 9202₁, composition ⿰忄斬)

References

KangXi: page 398, character 40

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11096

Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2344, character 20

Unihan data for U+615A

Chinese

trad.		慚
simp.		惭
alternative forms		慙／惭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zaːm) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cán (can²)
(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caam⁴
Min Nan (POJ): chhâm / chhân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cán
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cán
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan²
  - Yale: tsán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsarn
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: caam⁴
  - Yale: chàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâm
  - Tâi-lô: tshâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaam
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhân
  - Tâi-lô: tshân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰan²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /d͡zɑm/

Rime
Character	慚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	昨甘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zam/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑm/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤam/
(Zhengzhang): /*zaːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cán
Middle Chinese	‹ dzam ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁam/
English	ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慚
Reading #	1/1
No.	16788
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	慙
Old Chinese	/*zaːm/
Notes	同慙

Definitions

慚

ashamed; embarrassed

Usage notes

Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation cǎn for this character.

Compounds

大言不慚／大言不惭 (dàyánbùcán)
慚德／惭德
慚怍／惭怍 (cánzuò)
慚恧／惭恧
慚恨／惭恨
慚恩／惭恩
慚悚／惭悚
慚惶／惭惶

慚感／惭感
慚愧／惭愧 (cánkuì)
慚愧無地／惭愧无地
慚沮／惭沮
慚皺／惭皱
慚色／惭色 (cánsè)
慚赧／惭赧

慚鳧企鶴／惭凫企鹤
林慚澗愧／林惭涧愧
滿面羞慚／满面羞惭
燕妒鶯慚／燕妒莺惭
羞慚／羞惭 (xiūcán)
自慚形穢／自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì)
衾影無慚／衾影无惭

Japanese

Kanji

慚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ざん (zan)^{←ざん (zan, historical)}^{←ざむ (zamu, ancient)}
Kan-on: さん (san)^{←さん (san, historical)}^{←さむ (samu, ancient)}
Kun: はじ (haji, 慚)^{←はぢ (fadi, historical)}; はじる (hajiru, 慚じる)^{←はぢる (fadiru, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

慚: Hán Nôm readings: tàm, tuồm, tam, tom, tùm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.