惶惶

惶惶

Chinese

		frightened	frightened
simp. and trad. (惶惶)		惶	惶
variant forms		皇皇 遑遑

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huánghuáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ wong⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): hông-hông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: huánghuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwanghwang
    • IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wong⁴ wong⁴
    • Yale: wòhng wòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ wong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ wong⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông-hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦwɑŋ  ɦwɑŋ/▼

Rime
Character	惶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡光切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng

Adjective

惶惶

1. (literary, ideophonic) agitated; anxious; uneasy; terrified; upset
2. (literary, ideophonic) hurried; hasty; rushed

Synonyms

• (agitated): 惶惑 (huánghuò), (literary) 惶遽 (huángjù)

Derived terms

人心惶惶 (rénxīnhuánghuáng) 凄淒惶惶／凄凄惶惶 恓恓惶惶 悽悽惶惶／凄凄惶惶 惶惶不可終日／惶惶不可终日

惶惶不安 (huánghuángbù'ān) 惶惶不定 惶惶無措／惶惶无措 戰戰惶惶／战战惶惶 栖栖惶惶