悩ます
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 悩 |
| なや Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 惱ます (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]
Derived as the regular classical causative conjugation of 悩む (nayamu, “to be vexed”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) なやます [nàyámáꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
- IPA(key): [na̠ja̠ma̠sɨᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "悩ます"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 悩ます | なやます | [nàyámáꜜsù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悩ませ | なやませ | [nàyámáꜜsè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 悩まされる | なやまされる | [nàyámásáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 悩まさせる | なやまさせる | [nàyámásáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 悩ませる | なやませる | [nàyámáséꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 悩まそう | なやまそー | [nàyámásóꜜò] |
| Negative | 悩まさない | なやまさない | [nàyámásáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 悩まさなかった | なやまさなかった | [nàyámásáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 悩まします | なやまします | [nàyámáshímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 悩ました | なやました | [nàyámáꜜshìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 悩まして | なやまして | [nàyámáꜜshìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悩ませば | なやませば | [nàyámáꜜsèbà] |
Verb
悩ます • (nayamasu) transitive godan (stem 悩まし (nayamashi), past 悩ました (nayamashita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 悩ます, 悩める |
| mediopassive | 悩む |
- [from 700s] to vex, to trouble, to distress, to afflict, to pester
Conjugation
Conjugation of "悩ます" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 悩まさ | なやまさ | nayamasa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 悩まし | なやまし | nayamashi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 悩ます | なやます | nayamasu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 悩ます | なやます | nayamasu |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 悩ませ | なやませ | nayamase |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悩ませ | なやませ | nayamase |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 悩まされる | なやまされる | nayamasareru |
| Causative | 悩まさせる 悩まさす | なやまさせる なやまさす | nayamasaseru nayamasasu |
| Potential | 悩ませる | なやませる | nayamaseru |
| Volitional | 悩まそう | なやまそう | nayamasō |
| Negative | 悩まさない | なやまさない | nayamasanai |
| Negative continuative | 悩まさず | なやまさず | nayamasazu |
| Formal | 悩まします | なやまします | nayamashimasu |
| Perfective | 悩ました | なやました | nayamashita |
| Conjunctive | 悩まして | なやまして | nayamashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悩ませば | なやませば | nayamaseba |
Synonyms
- 悩ませる (nayamaseru, regular modern causative form of 悩む (nayamu), more common)
- 悩める (nayameru, alternative transitive form of 悩む (nayamu))
- 苦しめる (kurushimeru, “to make someone suffer”)
- 煩わす (wazurawasu, “to cause worry, distress, or illness”)
- 困らす (komarasu, “to make someone feel stuck, to put someone in dire straits”)
Derived terms
- 悩ませる (nayamaseru, regular modern causative form of 悩む (nayamu))
- 悩ましい (nayamashii, “afflicting, vexing, troubling, distressing”, adjective)
References
- “悩”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN