患
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Translingual
Han character
患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 50336, composition ⿱串心)
References
- KangXi: page 388, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
- Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
- Unihan data for U+60A3
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 患 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𢠶 𢤒 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (患) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 漶 | *ɡoːns |
| 贃 | *qroːns |
| 患 | *ɡroːns |
| 槵 | *ɡroːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.
Pronunciation
Definitions
患
- to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
- (literary, or in compounds) disease; illness
- (literary, or in compounds) to worry; to feel anxious
- (literary, or in compounds) disaster; calamity; catastrophe
Synonyms
- (to contract an illness):
Dialectal synonyms of 生病 (“to fall ill; to be ill”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 生病, 得病, 患, 患病, 害病, 染病, 發病, 病倒, 帶病, 抱病, 抱恙, 罹病 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 病, 得病, 鬧病, 不舒服 |
| Taiwan | 病, 生病, 不舒服 | |
| Ulanhot | 病 | |
| Tongliao | 病 | |
| Chifeng | 病 | |
| Bayanhot | 害病, 病 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 病 | |
| Harbin | 病, 作病 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 得病, 病病兒, 不濟, 不熨貼 | |
| Jinan | 長病, 病, 不好, 不熨貼, 不舒坦, 不得勁兒, 鬧症候 | |
| Luoyang | 害病, 生病, 病, 有病兒, 不好, 不老兒好, 不美氣 | |
| Wanrong | 犯病, 難過 | |
| Zhengzhou | 病, 不得勁 | |
| Xi'an | 害病, 得病, 病, 不受活 of an adult, 不乖 of a child | |
| Yinchuan | 害病, 有病, 得病, 不好, 不清乾 Hui | |
| Lanzhou | 病下, 不舒坦, 不爽快, 不輕身 of an adult, 不乖 of a child, 變狗 of a child | |
| Xining | 病下, 得病, 不爽快 | |
| Ürümqi | 病下, 害病, 不舒服 | |
| Wuhan | 害病, 病, 有病, 不好, 不舒服, 不乖 of a child, 做狗狗 of a child | |
| Chengdu | 害病, 得病, 病, 不好, 不安逸 | |
| Guiyang | 痛病, 痛, 生病, 不好在, 不安逸, 逗狗 of a child | |
| Kunming | 不好 | |
| Guilin | 病 | |
| Liuzhou | 病, 做狗崽 of a child, 做狗 of a child | |
| Xuzhou | 得病, 害病, 病, 不舒坦, 不舒服, 不如適, 出故事 of a child, 出症兒 of a child, 出症 of a child | |
| Yangzhou | 害病, 不好過 | |
| Nanjing | 生病, 害病, 不爽快, 不爽, 不舒服 | |
| Hefei | 害病, 病, 不伸坦 | |
| Nantong | 不好過 | |
| Malaysia | 生病 | |
| Singapore | 生病 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 得病, 病下, 不行下, 不受活, 不乖 of a child | |
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 得病, 害病, 不受活, 不乖 of a child | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神, 唔自然 |
| Hong Kong | 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神 dated, 唔自然 dated | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 病 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 病 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 有病 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 有病 | |
| Macau | 病 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 病 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 唔精神 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 病 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 病, 唔精神 | |
| Foshan | 病 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 病 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 唔精神 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 唔精神 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 病 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 病 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 病 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 病 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 病, 唔精神 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 病 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 病 | |
| Taishan | 病 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 病, 唔精神 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 病, 唔舒服 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 病 | |
| Dongguan | 病, 唔精神 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 唔養得 | |
| Yangjiang | 病, 得病, 無自由 | |
| Nanning | 生病, 病 | |
| Wuzhou | 生病 | |
| Yulin | 生病 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 發病 | |
| Danzhou | 有病 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 病 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 病 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 生病, 病, 不好過, 不舒服 |
| Lichuan | 病 | |
| Pingxiang | 病, 不熨貼 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 發病, 起病, 唔自然, 唔舒服, 犯病 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 有病 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 唔做得 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 唔做得 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 病 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 病 | |
| Yudu | 病 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 發病, 著病, 破病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔快活, 唔自然 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 破病, 著病, 無快活, 無堵好 | |
| Hong Kong | 病 | |
| Luchuan (Daqiao) | 生病 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 病 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 害病, 起病 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 病, 害病, 鬧病, 難活 |
| Xinzhou | 難過 | |
| Taibus (Baochang) | 病 | |
| Linhe | 病 | |
| Jining | 病 | |
| Hohhot | 難過 | |
| Baotou | 病 | |
| Dongsheng | 病 | |
| Haibowan | 難活 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 病, 凊著, 伓鬆爽 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 破病, 病去, 𣍐爽快, 做犬 of a child |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 破病, 著病, 致病, 無爽, 無好勢, 艱苦 |
| Quanzhou | 破病, 著病, 致病, 艱苦 | |
| Yongchun | 破病 | |
| Zhangzhou | 破病, 著病, 致病, 毋愛, 𣍐乖 of a child | |
| Taipei | 破病 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 破病 | |
| Kaohsiung | 破病, 艱苦 | |
| Yilan | 破病, 艱苦 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 破病 | |
| Taichung | 破病, 艱苦 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 破病 | |
| Tainan | 破病, 艱苦 | |
| Taitung | 破病 | |
| Hsinchu | 破病 | |
| Kinmen | 破病 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 破病 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 破病 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 破病 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 毋好, 破病 | |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) | 病 | |
| Chaozhou | 生病, 唔好, 無若好 | |
| Shantou | 破相, 儂孬 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 破相, 儂孬 | |
| Jieyang | 著病, 破病, 生毛 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 唔寬活, 儂孬 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 破病 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 破病 | |
| Leizhou | 惡抵 | |
| Wenchang | 惡耐, 生病 | |
| Haikou | 病, 病痛, 惡抵, 惡耐 | |
| Qionghai | 病, 惡耐 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 唔精神 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 病 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 病 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 生病, 生毛病, 有毛病, 勿適意, 勿舒服 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 無得力氣 | |
| Suzhou | 生病, 生毛病, 勿適意, 勿鬆 suburbs | |
| Wuxi | 生病 | |
| Danyang | 生病, 害病, 弗好過, 無本事 | |
| Hangzhou | 生毛病, 不舒服 | |
| Wenzhou | 生病, 病, 否好過 | |
| Jinhua | 生病, 弗好過 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 得病, 病, 不好過 |
| Loudi | 病 | |
| Shuangfeng | 病, 不好過 | |
| Quanzhou | 生病 | |
- (disease):
edit
Synonyms of 患
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- (to worry):
edit
Synonyms of 患
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- (disaster):
edit
Synonyms of 患
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Compounds
Derived terms from 患
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Japanese
Kanji
患
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- afflicted
Readings
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: わずらう (wazurau, 患う, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 患える); うれい (urei, 患い)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 患 |
| かん Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 患 (MC ɦˠuanH).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]
Affix
患 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?
- worry; suffer
- afflicted
Noun
患 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?
- trouble; worries; pain
- illness; sickness
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))
- Hanja form? of 환 (“worry”).
Vietnamese
Han character
患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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