悠然

悠然

Chinese

		at ease; long (in time); sad	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (悠然)		悠	然
simp. #(悠然)		悠	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōurán

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ jin⁴
• Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ riang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōurán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yourán
    • Wade–Giles: yu¹-jan²
    • Yale: yōu-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouran
    • Palladius: южань (južanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴ jin⁴
    • Yale: yàuh yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 柔然 油然 蚰蜒

• Min Nan
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiun¹ riang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ jiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /jɨu  ȵiᴇn/

Rime
Character	悠	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以周切	如延切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/iu/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4	jin4

Adjective

悠然

1. leisurely and carefree; comfortable and content

   • 採菊東籬下，悠然見南山。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 5th century, 陶淵明 (Tao Yuanming), 飲酒·其五

     Cǎi jú dōng lí xià, yōurán jiàn Nánshān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. distant; far back; long ago
3. vast; extensive

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悠然):

• → Japanese: 悠然(ゆうぜん) (yūzen)
• → Korean: 유연(悠然) (yuyeon)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
悠	然
ゆう Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆうぜん [yùúzéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝːzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

悠(ゆう)然(ぜん) • (yūzen) ^†-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)たる (yūzen taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)と (yūzen to) or 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)として (yūzen to shite))

1. calm, with composure

   悠然(ゆうぜん)たる態度(たいど)

   yūzen taru taido

   a calm attitude

   Synonym: 余裕綽々

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN