恬

恬

恬 U+606C, 恬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606C ← 恫 [U+606B] CJK Unified Ideographs 恭 → [U+606D]

Translingual

Han character

恬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹十口 (PHJR), four-corner 9206₄, composition ⿰忄舌)

Derived characters

• 湉, 𦳇

References

• KangXi: page 385, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10595
• Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 5
• Unihan data for U+606C

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

Etymology 1

trad.		恬
simp. #		恬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tián (tian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tim⁴, tim⁵
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiam⁵ / tiang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tián
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tián
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien²
    • Yale: tyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰjɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tim⁴, tim⁵
    • Yale: tìhm, tíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim⁴, tim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim⁴, tim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm²¹/, /tʰiːm¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâm
    • Tâi-lô: tiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaam
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiam¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tiam²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiam⁵ / tiang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiâm / thiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiam⁵⁵/, /tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• tiam5 - Chaozhou;
• tiang5 - Chenghai.

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• Middle Chinese: /dem/

Rime
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒兼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dem/
Pan Wuyun	/dem/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛm/
Li Rong	/dem/
Wang Li	/diem/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
No.	12406
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	甜
Old Chinese	/*l'eːm/

Definitions

恬

1. quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful
2. simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain
3. unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 恬

和平 (hépíng) 嗼寂 (mòjì) 安恬 (āntián) (literary) 安生 (ānshēng) 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary) 定著 (Min Nan) 寂寞 (jìmò) 寂寥 (jìliáo) 寂然 (jìrán) (literary) 平和 (pínghé)

恬倓 (tiántán) 恬淡 (tiándàn) 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo) 沉寂 (chénjì) 安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary) 安靜／安静 (ānjìng) 寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng) 寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng) 平靜／平静 (píngjìng) 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)

恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary) 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng) 沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng) 清淨／清净 (qīngjìng) 清靜／清静 (qīngjìng) 自靜／自静 (Jin) 靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì) 靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Min Nan) 靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo) 靜生生／静生生 (Min Nan)

Compounds

平和恬淡 恬不知怪 恬和 恬恬 恬愉 恬淡 (tiándàn) 恬淡寡欲 恬澹 恬然 (tiánrán) 恬退

恬逸 (tiányì) 文恬武嬉 清恬 蒙恬 心曠神恬／心旷神恬 恬不為怪／恬不为怪 恬不為意／恬不为意 恬不知恥／恬不知耻 (tiánbùzhīchǐ) 恬淡無欲／恬淡无欲 恬淡無為／恬淡无为

恬然不恥／恬然不耻 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) 恬適／恬适 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng) 浪恬波靜／浪恬波静 浪靜風恬／浪静风恬 蒙恬造筆／蒙恬造笔 風恬日朗／风恬日朗 風恬月朗／风恬月朗 風恬浪靜／风恬浪静

Etymology 2

trad.		恬
simp. #		恬
alternative forms		扂 Hokkien

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tiâm
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiām / tiǎm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diam⁵ / diam⁷ / diang⁵ / diang⁷

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• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: diam´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: diam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
    • Tâi-lô: tiām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diam
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tiam²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎm
    • Tâi-lô: tiǎm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diam⁵ / diam⁷ / diang⁵ / diang⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiâm / tiām / tiâng / tiāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam⁵⁵/, /tiam¹¹/, /tiaŋ⁵⁵/, /tiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

• diam5/diam7 - Chaozhou;
• diang5/diang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions

恬

1. (Min Nan, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm

   恬！ [Hokkien]  ―  Tiām! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Be quiet! / Shut up!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 住口 (“to shut up; to stop talking”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		住口, 住嘴, 閉嘴
Mandarin	Taiwan	閉嘴
	Singapore	閉嘴, 靜靜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Hong Kong	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Singapore (Guangfu)	收聲, 收嗲
Hakka	Meixian	合嘴
Min Nan	Tainan	恬去
	Penang (Hokkien)	恬
	Singapore (Hokkien)	恬

References

• “Entry #4919”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

恬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. nonchalant

Readings

• Go-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)←でむ (demu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)←てむ (temu, ancient)}
• Kun: やすい (yasui, 恬い); やすらか (yasuraka, 恬らか)
• Nanori: しずか (shizuka)

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Korean

Hanja

恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

恬: Hán Nôm readings: điềm, đềm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.