恨
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
恨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)
Derived characters
- 𭉆, 𭦼, 𥈥, 𪬲, 𭏂, 𢝧
References
- KangXi: page 385, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
- Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6068
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 恨 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart; thought; emotion”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Pronunciation
Definitions
恨
- to resent; to hate
- 可恨 ― kěhèn ― abominable
- 我恨死你了！ ― Wǒ hèn sǐ nǐ le! ― I hate you to death!
- to regret; to pity
- 恨不得 ― hènbùdé ― to wish that one could ("to regret that one may not")
- 恨鐵不成鋼／恨铁不成钢 ― hèntiěbùchénggāng ― to pity someone's lack of improvement
- (chiefly literary) to pine; to long for; to miss; to suffer from intense desire
- 輟耕之壟上，悵恨久之，曰：「苟富貴，無相忘。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Chuò gēng zhī lǒng shàng, chànghèn jiǔzhī, yuē: “Gǒu fùguì, wú xiāngwàng.” [Pinyin]
- Taking a break from the work, he went up a raised slope by the fields. Full of care and discontent with himself for quite a while, he burst out, "Lest we forget one another when greatness is achieved!"
辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 解釋春風無限恨 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. the early 740s, Li Bai (李白), Qing Ping Diao (《清平調》). English translation by Shigeyoshi Obata (小畑薫良), 1922.
- jiěshì chūnfēng wúxiàn hèn [Pinyin]
- Vanquished are the endless longings of love
解释春风无限恨 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- hatred; dislike
- 抱恨 ― bàohèn ― to be bitterly regretful
- 懷恨在心／怀恨在心 ― huáihènzàixīn ― to harbour hatred; to entertain hateful thoughts
- 世上決沒有無緣無故的愛，也沒有無緣無故的恨。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Shìshàng jué méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de ài, yě méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de hèn. [Pinyin]
- There is absolutely no such thing in the world as love or hatred with out reason or cause.
世上决没有无缘无故的爱，也没有无缘无故的恨。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to be eager for something
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 恨 |
| Taiwan | 恨 | |
| Xi'an | 恨 | |
| Yinchuan | 恨 | |
| Ürümqi | 恨 | |
| Wuhan | 恨, 懥怨 | |
| Chengdu | 恨 | |
| Liuzhou | 恨 | |
| Yangzhou | 恨 | |
| Hefei | 恨 | |
| Malaysia | 恨 | |
| Singapore | 恨 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 憎, 嬲 |
| Hong Kong | 憎 | |
| Dongguan | 憎 | |
| Yangjiang | 嬲 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 恨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 恨 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 恨 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 恨 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恨 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 恨 |
| Xinzhou | 恨 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 恨 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 恨 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 恨, 猌 |
| Zhangzhou | 猌 | |
| Taipei | 猌 GT, 恨 GT | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 猌, 惱 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 猌 | |
| Chaozhou | 恨 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 恨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 恨 |
| Wenzhou | 恨 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 恨 |
| Shuangfeng | 馮, 恨 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 恨
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (恨):
- → Japanese: 恨 (kon)
- → Korean: 한(恨) (han)
- → Vietnamese: hận (恨)
Japanese
Kanji
恨
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- to resent; to hate; be hostile to
Readings
- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
- Kun: うらむ (uramu, 恨む, Jōyō); うらめしい (urameshii, 恨めしい, Jōyō)
Compounds
- 遺恨
- 怨恨
- 憎恨
- 憤恨
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 恨 |
| はん Grade: S |
| irregular |
From Korean 한(恨) (han).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ハン [háꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA(key): [hã̠ɴ]
Noun
恨 • (han)
- han (resentment as a part of the Korean cultural identity)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 恨 (MC ɦənH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale: hhún) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: aytol) | ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale: hon) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource恨 (eumhun 한탄할 한 (hantanhal han))
- Hanja form? of 한 (“deep-seated resentment”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 한 (“to resent; to hate”). [affix]
Compounds
Compounds
- 한탄 (恨歎, hantan)
- 여한 (餘恨, yeohan)
- 우한 (憂恨, uhan)
- 원한 (怨恨, wonhan)
- 통한 (痛恨, tonghan)
- 회한 (悔恨, hoehan)
- 각골분한 (刻骨憤恨, gakgolbunhan)
- 다정다한 (多情多恨, dajeongdahan)
- 망국지한 (亡國之恨, manggukjihan)
- 철천지한 (徹天之恨, cheolcheonjihan)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
恨: Hán Nôm readings: hận, giận, hằn, hờn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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