恕

恕	U+6055, 恕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6055

← 恔
[U+6054]

CJK Unified Ideographs

恖 →
[U+6056]

Translingual

Han character

恕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女口心 (VRP), four-corner 4633₀, composition ⿱如心)

Derived characters

𫉅

References

KangXi: page 384, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10560
Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 9
Unihan data for U+6055

Chinese

trad.		恕
simp. ^#		恕
alternative forms		㣽

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
拿	*rnaː
拏	*rnaː
詉	*rnaː
蒘	rnaː, na
笯	rnaː, naː, *naːs
挐	rnaː, na
絮	rnaːs, nas, snas, nas
呶	*rnaːw
怓	*rnaːw
帑	n̥ʰaːŋʔ, naː
奴	*naː
砮	naː, naːʔ
駑	*naː
孥	*naː
努	*naːʔ
弩	*naːʔ
怒	naːʔ, naːs
袽	*na
帤	*na
女	naʔ, nas
籹	*naʔ
恕	*hnjas
如	nja, njas
茹	nja, njaʔ, *njas
洳	nja, njas
鴽	*nja
蕠	*nja
汝	*njaʔ
肗	*njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hnjas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): su
Min Dong (BUC): sé̤ṳ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì
(Teochew, Peng'im): su³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shù
  - Wade–Giles: shu⁴
  - Yale: shù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu³
  - Yale: syu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃyː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
  - Hakka Romanization System: su
  - Hagfa Pinyim: su⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
  - Tâi-lô: sù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sux
  - IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
  - Tâi-lô: sìr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
  - Tâi-lô: sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: six
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: su³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨʌ^H/

Rime
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥a-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*hnjas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥a-s/
English	indulgent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恕
Reading #	1/1
No.	9622
Phonetic component	女
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hnjas/

Definitions

恕

to show consideration for others; to put oneself in someone's shoes
- 子貢問曰：「有一言而可以終身行之者乎？」子曰：「其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施於人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子贡问曰：“有一言而可以终身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲，勿施于人。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐgòng wèn yuē: “Yǒu yī yán ér kě yǐ zhōngshēn xíng zhī zhě hū?” Zǐ yuē: “Qí shù hū! Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén.” [Pinyin]
  Zi Gong asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not RECIPROCITY / EMPATHY such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."
to forgive; to pardon; to show mercy
饒恕／饶恕 ― ráoshù ― to forgive; to pardon
excuse me
恕我直言 ― shùwǒzhíyán ― Excuse me for speaking bluntly.
六歲以下兒童恕不招待。 [MSC, trad.]
六岁以下儿童恕不招待。 [MSC, simp.]
Liù suì yǐxià értóng shù bù zhāodài. [Pinyin]
Children six and below will not be received, excuse us.

Compounds

乞恕 (qǐshù)
仁恕
宥恕
容恕 (róngshù)
忠恕 (zhōngshù)

恕宥 (shùyòu)
恕己及人
恕己及物
恕罪 (shùzuì)
恕道 (shùdào)

情恕理遣
明恕
郭忠恕
寬恕／宽恕 (kuānshù)
饒恕／饶恕 (ráoshù)

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01349
“恕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Query for 恕”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Lippiello, Tiziana. (2010). “A Confucian Adage for Life: Empathy (Shu) in the Analects.” In Light a Candle: Encounters and Friendship with China. Festschrift in Honour of Angelo Lazzarotto P.I.M.E., edited by Roman Malek S.V.D. and Gianni Criveller. Sankt Augustin: Monumenta Serica.

Japanese

Kanji

恕

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho)
Kan-on: しょ (sho)
Kan’yō-on: じょ (jo)
Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 恕す)

Derived terms

恕(じょ)する (josuru): to forgive; to pardon; to excuse

Korean

Hanja

恕 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

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Vietnamese

Han character

恕: Hán Việt readings: thứ
恕: Nôm readings: thứ

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References

Nom Foundation