恇
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Translingual
Han character
恇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心尸一土 (PSMG), four-corner 91011, composition ⿰忄匡)
References
- KangXi: page 383, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10529
- Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6047
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 恇 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 皇 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 惶 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 遑 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 堭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 煌 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 餭 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 騜 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 艎 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 隍 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 湟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 徨 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 篁 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 蝗 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs |
| 凰 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 偟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 媓 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 韹 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 葟 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 皝 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 汪 | *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ |
| 尪 | *qʷaːŋ |
| 迋 | *kʷaŋʔ, *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 逛 | *kʷaŋʔ |
| 誑 | *kʷaŋs, *ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs |
| 匡 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 筐 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 框 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 眶 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 誆 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
| 邼 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 恇 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 劻 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 洭 | *kʰʷaŋ |
| 軭 | *kʰʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋ |
| 狂 | *ɡʷaŋ, *ɡʷaŋs |
| 軖 | *ɡʷaŋ |
| 鵟 | *ɡʷaŋ |
| 俇 | *ɡʷaŋʔ |
| 王 | *ɢʷaŋ, *ɢʷaŋs |
| 蚟 | *ɢʷaŋ |
| 彺 | *ɢʷaŋ |
| 旺 | *ɢʷaŋs |
| 諻 | *qʰʷraːŋ |
| 喤 | *qʰʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 瑝 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 鍠 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 揘 | *ɡʷaŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰʷaŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ).
Etymology
Related to 懼 (OC *ɡʷas, “to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
恇
- † to fear; to be cowardly
- † weak
- † to expect; to anticipate
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 害怕, 怕 |
| Taiwan | 害怕, 怕 | |
| Harbin | 害怕, 發毛 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 害怕, 怵 | |
| Jinan | 害怕, 怕, 打怵 | |
| Luoyang | 害怕, 怕 | |
| Wanrong | 驚 | |
| Xi'an | 害怕, 怕, 怯火 | |
| Yinchuan | 害怕, 嚇 | |
| Lanzhou | 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁 | |
| Ürümqi | 害怕 | |
| Wuhan | 嚇不過, 怕 | |
| Chengdu | 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛 | |
| Guiyang | 害怕, 怕 | |
| Kunming | 害怕 | |
| Guilin | 怕 | |
| Liuzhou | 慌 | |
| Xuzhou | 嫌怕, 打怵 | |
| Yangzhou | 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎 | |
| Nanjing | 嚇怕, 怕 | |
| Hefei | 怕 | |
| Malaysia | 怕 | |
| Singapore | 怕, 害怕 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒 |
| Hong Kong | 驚, 怕, 慌 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 狂 | |
| Macau | 驚 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 驚 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 慌 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 驚 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 好怕 | |
| Foshan | 驚, 窒 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 慌, 怕 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 慌 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 慌 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 慌 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 驚 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 驚 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 驚 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 驚 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 驚 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 驚 | |
| Taishan | 𢗉 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 𢗉 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 𢗉 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 慌 | |
| Dongguan | 狂 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 驚 | |
| Shaoguan | 驚, 窒 | |
| Yunfu | 怕, 驚 | |
| Yangjiang | 𢗉 | |
| Xinyi | 狂 | |
| Lianjiang | 驚 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 怕 |
| Lichuan | 怕 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 狂 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 狂 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 好狂 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 驚 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 怕, 驚, 畏 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 驚 | |
| Wengyuan | 驚 | |
| Liannan | 驚 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 狂 | |
| Jiexi | 驚 | |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 驚 | |
| Changting | 怕 | |
| Wuping | 怕 | |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 怕 | |
| Liancheng | 嚇 | |
| Ninghua | 怕 | |
| Ningdu | 怕 | |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 怕 | |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 怕 | |
| Dayu | 怕 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 驚 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 驚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 驚 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 驚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 驚 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 驚 | |
| Hong Kong | 狂, 驚 | |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 怕 | |
| Luchuan | 狂 | |
| Sabah (Longchuan) | 狂 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 狂 | |
| Singkawang | 驚 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 怕, 嚇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 害怕, 怕 |
| Xinzhou | 著怕, 怕 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 驚 | |
| Songxi | 驚 | |
| Zhenghe | 驚 | |
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 驚 | |
| Jianyang | 驚 | |
| Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 畏 | |
| Wuyishan | 嚇 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 嚇 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 驚 |
| Changle | 驚 | |
| Lianjiang | 驚 | |
| Fuqing | 驚 | |
| Pingtan | 驚 | |
| Yongtai | 驚 | |
| Minqing | 驚 | |
| Gutian | 驚 | |
| Pingnan | 驚 | |
| Luoyuan | 驚 | |
| Fu'an | 驚 | |
| Ningde | 驚 | |
| Xiapu | 驚 | |
| Zherong | 驚 | |
| Shouning | 驚 | |
| Zhouning | 驚 | |
| Fuding | 驚 | |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 驚 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 驚 | |
| Quanzhou | 驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝 | |
| Jinjiang | 驚 | |
| Nan'an | 驚 | |
| Shishi | 驚 | |
| Hui'an | 驚 | |
| Anxi | 驚 | |
| Yongchun | 驚 | |
| Dehua | 驚 | |
| Zhangzhou | 驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 驚 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 驚 | |
| Hua'an | 驚 | |
| Nanjing | 驚 | |
| Pinghe | 驚 | |
| Zhangpu | 驚 | |
| Yunxiao | 驚 | |
| Zhao'an | 驚 | |
| Dongshan | 驚 | |
| Kaohsiung | 驚 | |
| Yilan | 驚 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 驚 | |
| Taichung | 驚 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 驚惶 | |
| Tainan | 驚 | |
| Taitung | 驚 | |
| Hsinchu | 驚 | |
| Kinmen | 驚 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 驚 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 驚 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 驚 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 驚 | |
| Longyan | 嚇 | |
| Zhangping | 驚 | |
| Datian | 驚 | |
| Chaozhou | 驚, 畏 | |
| Raoping | 驚 | |
| Shantou | 驚 | |
| Jieyang | 驚, 畏 | |
| Haifeng | 驚 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 驚 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 驚 | |
| Leizhou | 驚 | |
| Wenchang | 驚 | |
| Haikou | 驚 | |
| Qionghai | 驚 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 驚 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 驚 |
| Xianyou | 驚 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 驚 |
| Sanyuan | 驚 | |
| Shaxian | 驚 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狂, 怕 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 怕, 嚇 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 嚇 | |
| Suzhou | 怕, 嚇 | |
| Danyang | 怕 | |
| Hangzhou | 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛 | |
| Ningbo | 怕, 嚇 | |
| Wenzhou | 怕, 嚇 | |
| Jinhua | 光 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 怕, 畏怯 |
| Loudi | 怕 | |
| Shuangfeng | 怕 | |
Compounds
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References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01092
- “恇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
恇
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- fear
Readings
- On (unclassified): きょう (kyō), こう (kō)
- Kun: つね (tsune), おそれる (osoreru), 【古語】おづ (ozu)/おじける (ojikeru)
Korean
Hanja
恇 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
- fear
- weak, tender