恆

恆

See also: 恒

恆 U+6046, 恆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6046 ← 恅 [U+6045] CJK Unified Ideographs 恇 → [U+6047]

Translingual

Han character

恆 (radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心一月一 (PMBM), four-corner 9101₇, composition ⿰忄亙)

References

• KangXi: page 383, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10528
• Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2294, character 16
• Unihan data for U+6046

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Chinese

trad.		恆/恒
simp.		恒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
搄	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
縆	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
亙	*kɯːŋs
堩	*kɯːŋs
恆	*ɡɯːŋ
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 心 (“heart”) + 亙 (“partial moon”). In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 became 舟.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): héng (heng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴, gang³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hèn
• Min Bei (KCR): ǎing
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ân / hn̂g / hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁵ / huêng⁵ / sion⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: héng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
    • Wade–Giles: hêng²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
    • IPA ^(key): /xɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁴, gang³
    • Yale: hàhng, gang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴, gang³
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴, geng³
    • IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹/, /kɐŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: henˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen²
    • IPA: /hen¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
    • IPA ^(key): /aiŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ân
    • Tâi-lô: ân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: aan
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /an²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: hn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/

Note:

• ân - vernacular;
• hn̂g/hêng - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁵ / huêng⁵ / sion⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng / huêng / siôⁿ
    • IPA ^(key): /heŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/, /sĩõ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 恆
Mandarin	Beijing	/xəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Zhengzhou	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xən³¹/
	Guiyang	/xen²¹/
	Kunming	/xə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/xən²⁴/
	Hefei	/xən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛn²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/hen¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/aiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/heŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³¹/ /aŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦəŋ/▼

Rime
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡登切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	héng
Middle Chinese	‹ hong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁəŋ/
English	constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
No.	5126
Phonetic component	亙
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恒
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːŋ/

Definitions

恆

1. constant; regular; persistent
2. 32nd hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

伯利恆／伯利恒 (Bólìhéng) 恆久／恒久 (héngjiǔ) 恆久不渝／恒久不渝 恆例／恒例 (hénglì) 恆士／恒士 恆定／恒定 恆山／恒山 (Héng Shān) 恆常／恒常 (héngcháng) 恆心／恒心 (héngxīn) 恆情／恒情 恆星／恒星 (héngxīng) 恆星年／恒星年 (héngxīngnián) 恆星日／恒星日 恆星月／恒星月 恆星系／恒星系 (héngxīngxì)

恆星週期／恒星周期 恆春／恒春 (Héngchūn) 恆春半島／恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo) 恆春鎮／恒春镇 恆河／恒河 (Héng Hé) 恆河平原／恒河平原 恆河沙／恒河沙 (hénghéshā) 恆河沙數／恒河沙数 恆溫／恒温 (héngwēn) 恆溫動物／恒温动物 恆溫層／恒温层 恆產／恒产 (héngchǎn) 恆等式／恒等式 (héngděngshì) 恆若不足／恒若不足

恆言／恒言 恆言錄／恒言录 恆量／恒量 恆風／恒风 恆齒／恒齿 持之以恆／持之以恒 (chízhīyǐhéng) 日升月恆／日升月恒 日月升恆／日月升恒 有恆／有恒 (yǒuhéng) 永恆／永恒 (yǒnghéng) 無恆／无恒 逾恆／逾恒 酣歌恆舞／酣歌恒舞 醒世恆言／醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gèng (geng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kêng⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
    • IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

恆

1. ^† (of moon) to be in the first quarter
2. ^† to extend everywhere

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Japanese

Shinjitai	恒
Kyūjitai	恆

Kanji

恆

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恒)

1. always, constant

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: つね (tsune, 恆)
• Nanori: のぶ (nobu); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi)

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Korean

Hanja

恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

恆 (hằng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.