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单词 怨
释义

怨

怨 U+6028, 怨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6028
← 性
[U+6027]		CJK Unified Ideographs怩 →
[U+6029]

Translingual

Han character

怨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓山心 (NUP), four-corner 27331, composition ⿱夗心)

Derived characters

  • 㤪 葾 惌

References

  • KangXi: page 382, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10479
  • Dae Jaweon: page 711, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2281, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6028

Chinese

trad.怨
simp. #怨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涴*qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ
埦*qoːn
豌*qoːn
剜*qoːn
眢*qoːn, *qon
蜿*qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ
帵*qoːn
碗*qoːnʔ
椀*qoːnʔ
盌*qoːnʔ
腕*qoːns
惋*qoːns
捥*qoːns
睕*qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd
琬*qoːns, *qonʔ
鴛*quːn, *qon
鵷*qon
惌*qon, *qonʔ
宛*qon, *qonʔ
怨*qon, *qons
葾*qon
夗*qonʔ
婉*qonʔ
菀*qonʔ, *qud
苑*qonʔ, *qons
踠*qonʔ
畹*qonʔ, *qons
倇*qonʔ
晼*qonʔ
黦*qod, *qod, *qud
焥*qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qon, *qons) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Possibly related to 冤?”)

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuàn (yuan4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun3
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen / yan
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): oàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang3 / uêng3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yuàn
      • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yuàn
      • Wade–Giles: yüan4
      • Yale: ywàn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuann
      • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛn⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jyun3
      • Yale: yun
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn3
      • Guangdong Romanization: yun3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
      • Hakka Romanization System: ien
      • Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
      • Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
      • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
      • Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
      • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn
      • Tâi-lô: uàn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: oaxn
      • IPA (Xiamen): /uan²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: uang3 / uêng3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uàng / uèng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /uaŋ²¹³/, /ueŋ²¹³/
Note:
  • uang3 - Shantou;
  • uêng3 - Chaozhou.
  • Middle Chinese: /ʔʉɐn/, /ʔʉɐnH/
Rime
Character怨怨
Reading #1/22/2
Initial (聲)影 (34)影 (34)
Final (韻)元 (66)元 (66)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)ClosedClosed
Division (等)IIIIII
Fanqie於袁切於願切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ʔʉɐn//ʔʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun		/ʔʷiɐn//ʔʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen		/ʔiuɐn//ʔiuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ʔuan//ʔuanH/
Li
Rong		/ʔiuɐn//ʔiuɐnH/
Wang
Li		/ĭwɐn//ĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ʔi̯wɐn//ʔi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yuānyuàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jyun1jyun3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]o[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qon/, /*qons/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character怨
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		yuàn
Middle
Chinese		‹ ʔjwonH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/
Englishresentment

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character怨怨
Reading #1/22/2
No.1628616305
Phonetic
component		夗夗
Rime
group		元元
Rime
subdivision		33
Corresponding
MC rime		鴛怨
Old
Chinese		/*qon//*qons/

Definitions

怨

  1. to resent; to hate
  2. hatred; enmity; resentment
  3. to complain; to grumble; to moan
  4. complaint; grievance

Compounds

Derived terms from 怨

Japanese

Kanji

怨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. grudge
  2. resentment
  3. jealous

Readings

  • Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō)←をん (won, historical)
  • Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)←ゑん (wen, historical)
  • Kun: うらむ (uramu, 怨む); うらみ (urami, 怨み); うらめしい (urameshii, 怨めしい)

Synonyms

  • 恨

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
怨
えん
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 怨 (MC ʔʉɐn, ʔʉɐnH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Kan’on
    • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

怨(えん) • (en) ←ゑん (wen)?

  1. hate; resent
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 怨(えん)言(げん) (engen)
  • 怨(えん)恨(こん) (enkon)
  • 怨(えん)色(しょく) (enshoku): grudging look
  • 怨(えん)望(ぼう) (enbō)
  • 私(し)怨(えん) (shien)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
怨
おん
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 怨 (MC ʔʉɐn, ʔʉɐnH).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • IPA(key): [õ̞ɴ]

Affix

怨(おん) • (on) ←をん (won)?

  1. hate; resent
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 怨(おん)敵(てき) (onteki)
  • 怨(おん)念(ねん) (onnen)
  • 怨(おん)霊(りょう) (onryō)

Korean

Hanja

怨 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

怨: Hán Nôm readings: oán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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