急
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Translingual
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Han character
急 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓一心 (NMP) or 弓尸心 (NSP), four-corner 27337, composition ⿱刍心)
References
- KangXi: page 381, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10475
- Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2281, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6025
Chinese
| trad. | 急 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 急 | |
| alternative forms | 㤂 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 急 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 趿 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 鈒 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb |
| 靸 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb |
| 馺 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 砐 | *ŋɡɯːb |
| 魥 | *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab |
| 扱 | *skʰrɯːb |
| 笈 | *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb |
| 衱 | *ɡrab, *kab |
| 极 | *ɡrab, *ɡab |
| 昅 | *ɡab |
| 雭 | *sqʰrɯb |
| 急 | *krɯb |
| 級 | *krɯb |
| 汲 | *krɯb |
| 芨 | *krɯb |
| 伋 | *krɯb |
| 彶 | *krɯb |
| 及 | *ɡrɯb |
| 岌 | *ŋɡrɯb |
| 吸 | *qʰrɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯb) : phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology
Etymology not clear. Not a variant of 亟 (OC *kɯɡ, “urgent”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
急
- rapid; quick
- 急病 ― jíbìng ― acute illness
- 水流很急 ― shuǐliú hěn jí ― the current is rapid
- urgent; pressing; critical
- 急事 ― jíshì ― urgent matter
- urgency; emergency
- 當務之急／当务之急 ― dāngwùzhījí ― pressing matter of the moment
- to hurry; to hasten
- 唔使急。 [Cantonese] ― m4 sai2 gap1. [Jyutping] ― There's no need to rush/hurry.
- 急住返屋企 [Cantonese] ― gap1 zyu6 faan1 uk1 kei5 [Jyutping] ― hurrying to get home
- to be eager to help
- 急公好義／急公好义 ― jígōnghàoyì ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- irascible; hot-tempered
- 急性子 ― jíxìngzǐ ― impatient; impetuous
- to get angry; to take offense; to be ruffled
- to be anxious; to worry; to be worried
Synonyms
- (rapid):
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Synonyms of 急
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- (urgent):
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Synonyms of 急
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- (to get angry):
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Synonyms of 急
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- (to be anxious):
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Synonyms of 急
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Antonyms
- (rapid): 緩／缓 (huǎn)
Compounds
Derived terms from 急
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Japanese
| Shinjitai | 急 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] | 急󠄁 急+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |  |
| 急󠄃 急+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
急
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: こう (kō)←こふ (kofu, historical)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きふ (kifu, historical)
- Kun: いそぐ (isogu, 急ぐ, Jōyō); せく (seku, 急く)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 急 |
| きゅう Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
/kipʉ/ → /kiɸʉ/ → /kiu/ → /kʲɨː/
From Middle Chinese 急 (MC kˠiɪp̚).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) きゅう [kyùú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [kʲɨᵝː]
Adjective
急 • (kyū) ←きふ (kifu)? -na (adnominal 急な (kyū na), adverbial 急に (kyū ni))
- sudden
- immediate, rapid
Inflection
Inflection of 急
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 急だろ | きゅうだろ | kyū daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 急で | きゅうで | kyū de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 急だ | きゅうだ | kyū da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 急な | きゅうな | kyū na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 急なら | きゅうなら | kyū nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 急であれ | きゅうであれ | kyū de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 急ではない 急じゃない | きゅうではない きゅうじゃない | kyū de wa nai kyū ja nai |
| Informal past | 急だった | きゅうだった | kyū datta |
| Informal negative past | 急ではなかった 急じゃなかった | きゅうではなかった きゅうじゃなかった | kyū de wa nakatta kyū ja nakatta |
| Formal | 急です | きゅうです | kyū desu |
| Formal negative | 急ではありません 急じゃありません | きゅうではありません きゅうじゃありません | kyū de wa arimasen kyū ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 急でした | きゅうでした | kyū deshita |
| Formal negative past | 急ではありませんでした 急じゃありませんでした | きゅうではありませんでした きゅうじゃありませんでした | kyū de wa arimasen deshita kyū ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 急で | きゅうで | kyū de |
| Conditional | 急なら（ば） | きゅうなら（ば） | kyū nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 急だったら | きゅうだったら | kyū dattara |
| Volitional | 急だろう | きゅうだろう | kyū darō |
| Adverbial | 急に | きゅうに | kyū ni |
| Degree | 急さ | きゅうさ | kyūsa |
Classical conjugation of "急なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 急なら | きふなら | kifu nara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 急に[1] 急なり[2] | きふに きふなり | kifu ni kifu nari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 急なり | きふなり | kifu nari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 急なる | きふなる | kifu naru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 急なれ | きふなれ | kifu nare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 急なれ | きふなれ | kifu nare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 急ならず | きふならず | kifu narazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 急なれど | きふなれど | kifu naredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 急なれば | きふなれば | kifu nareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 急ならば | きふならば | kifu naraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 急なりき | きふなりき | kifu nariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 急なりけり | きふなりけり | kifu narikeri | |
| Adverbial | 急に | きふに | kifu ni | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References
- “急”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
急 (eumhun 급할 급 (geuphal geup))
- Hanja form? of 급 (“rapid; sudden”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 구급 (救急, gugeup, “first aid”)
- 구급차 (救急車, gugeupcha, “ambulance”)
- 구급상자 (救急箱子, gugeupsangja, “first-aid kit”)
- 응급 (應急, eunggeup, “emergency”)
- 응급실 (應急室, eunggeupsil, “emergency room”)
- 긴급 (緊急, gin'geup, “emergency”)
Vietnamese
Han character
急: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, gấp, kép, kíp, quắp
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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