怡

怡

怡 U+6021, 怡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6021 ← 怠 [U+6020] CJK Unified Ideographs 怢 → [U+6022]

Translingual

Han character

怡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口 (PIR), four-corner 9306₀, composition ⿰忄台)

Derived characters

• 𦲀

References

• KangXi: page 381, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10470
• Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6021

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yí (yi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi²

• Min Dong (BUC): ì
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): î

  (Teochew, Peng'im): i⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yí
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yí
    • Wade–Giles: i²
    • Yale: yí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁴
    • Yale: yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: i⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: î
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /jɨ/

Rime
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ/
Li Rong	/iə/
Wang Li	/jĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ yi ›
Old Chinese	/*lə/
English	cheerful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
No.	12292
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	飴
Old Chinese	/*lɯ/

Definitions

怡

1. amiable and cheerful
2. cheerful; happy; joyous

Compounds

不怡 怡堂燕雀 怡怡 怡情理性 怡然 (yírán) 怡然自得 (yíránzìdé) 怡然自足 怡色 熙怡 神怡心醉

神色怡然 言笑嘻怡 下氣怡色／下气怡色 心怡神悅／心怡神悦 心怡神曠／心怡神旷 心曠神怡／心旷神怡 (xīnkuàngshényí) 心蕩神怡／心荡神怡 怡悅／怡悦 (yíyuè) 怡情悅性／怡情悦性 怡情養性／怡情养性

怡然自娛／怡然自娱 怡然自悅／怡然自悦 怡然自樂／怡然自乐 怡聲／怡声 怡聲下氣／怡声下气 怡顏／怡颜 怡顏悅色／怡颜悦色 神怡心曠／神怡心旷 養怡／养怡

References

• “Query for 怡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

---

Japanese

Kanji

怡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: い (i)
• Kan-on: い (i)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 怡ぶ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
怡
い Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 怡 (MC jɨ).

Affix

怡(い) • (i) 

1. rejoice; enjoy

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 怡(い)怡(い) (ii)
• 怡(い)悦(えつ) (ietsu)
• 怡(い)然(ぜん) (izen)

---

Korean

Hanja

怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

怡: Hán Nôm readings: di

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.