忌

忌

忌 U+5FCC, 忌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCC ← 忋 [U+5FCB] CJK Unified Ideographs 忍 → [U+5FCD]

Translingual

Han character

忌 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山心 (SUP), four-corner 1733₁, composition ⿱己心)

Further reading

• KangXi: page 376, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10310
• Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2270, character 11
• Unihan data for U+5FCC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		忌
alternative forms		坖 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi
• Min Bei (KCR): gī
• Min Dong (BUC): gê
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kī / khī / khî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei⁶
    • Yale: geih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛi²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
    • Tâi-lô: kī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī
    • Tâi-lô: khī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qi
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khî
    • Tâi-lô: khî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²⁴/

Note:

• kī, khī - literary;
• khî - vernacular (俗);
• kī - anniversary of the death of one's elder.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 忌
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑi¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰi³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kei²²/
	Nanning	/ki²²/
	Hong Kong	/kei²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ki²²/ /kʰi²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ki⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ki³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ki³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨ^H/

Rime
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠記切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨH/
Li Rong	/ɡiəH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/giH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k(r)ək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ giH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k(r)ək-s/
English	warn; avoid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
No.	5774
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	忌
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯs/

Definitions

忌

1. to be jealous; to envy; to hate

   妒忌  ―  dùjì  ―  to envy

2. to fear; to dread
3. to avoid; to abstain from
4. to taboo; to prohibit
5. taboo
6. (literary or Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) anniversary of the death of one's elder

   忌日  ―  jìrì  ―  anniversary of a death

7. a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 忌

兵家大忌 切忌 (qièjì) 同行相忌 周忌 回忌 多忌 大忌 (dàjì) 妒忌 (dùjì) 威士忌 (wēishìjì) 嫌忌 年忌 忌刻 (jìkè) 忌前 忌口 (jìkǒu) 忌嘴 (jìzuǐ) 忌妒 (jìdù) 忌妻 忌恨 (jìhèn) 忌日 (jìrì) 忌辰 (jìchén) 忌避 忌邪 戒忌 投鼠之忌 投鼠忌器 (tóushǔjìqì)

拘忌 (jūjì) 月忌 死忌 (sǐjì) 犯忌 猜忌 (cāijì) 生忌 (shēngjì) 畏忌 疑忌 (yíjì) 禁忌 (jìnjì) 避忌 (bìjì) 配合禁忌 食忌 不知忌諱／不知忌讳 全無忌憚／全无忌惮 國忌／国忌 外寬內忌／外宽内忌 忌憚／忌惮 (jìdàn) 忌煙／忌烟 忌諱／忌讳 (jìhuì) 恣睢無忌／恣睢无忌 恣肆無忌／恣肆无忌 慶忌／庆忌 擲鼠忌器／掷鼠忌器 有所顧忌／有所顾忌

橫行無忌／横行无忌 (héngxíngwújì) 毫無忌憚／毫无忌惮 無忌／无忌 (wújì) 無所忌憚／无所忌惮 無所畏忌／无所畏忌 無所顧忌／无所顾忌 犯忌諱／犯忌讳 百無所忌／百无所忌 百無禁忌／百无禁忌 (bǎiwújìnjì) 益無忌憚／益无忌惮 直言無忌／直言无忌 禁忌站臺／禁忌站台 童言無忌／童言无忌 (tóngyánwújì) 肆無忌憚／肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn) 肆行無忌／肆行无忌 肆言無忌／肆言无忌 葷素不忌／荤素不忌 蠶忌／蚕忌 觸禁犯忌／触禁犯忌 諱疾忌醫／讳疾忌医 (huìjíjìyī) 還忌／还忌 鉗忌／钳忌 頻來無忌／频来无忌 顧忌／顾忌 (gùjì)

See also

• 嫉 (jí)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 忌 – see 嫉 (“to envy; to be jealous; to hate; to resent”). (This character, 忌, is the second-round simplified form of 嫉.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

忌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mourning
2. to abhor
3. abhorrent, detestable
4. death anniversary

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: いむ (imu, 忌む, Jōyō); いみ (imi, 忌み); いましい (imashii, 忌ましい); いまう (imau, 忌まう); いまわしい (imawashii, 忌まわしい, Jōyō)
• Nanori: いまわ (imawa)

Compounds

Compounds

• 忌(い)み嫌(きら)う (imikirau)
• 忌(い)み日(び) (imibi)
• 忌(き)日(にち) (kinichi)
• 忌(き)日(じつ) (kijitsu)
• 回(かい)忌(き) (kaiki)
• 祖(そ)忌(き) (soki): (Buddhism) death anniversary of a sect founder, or the memorial service thereof

Etymology

Kanji in this term
忌
き Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 忌 (gi^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

Noun

忌(き) • (ki) 

1. mourning
2. anniversary of someone's death

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

忌 (eumhun 꺼릴 기 (kkeoril gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“jealous, envious”).
2. Hanja form^? of 기 (“fear”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

忌: Hán Việt readings: kí, kị, kỵ
忌: Nôm readings: cạy, cậy, cữ, kiêng, kị, kỵ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation