微睡む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 微 | 睡 |
| Grade: S | Grade: S |
| Irregular | |
Etymology
Compound of 目 (ma, “eye”, ancient compounding form) + とろむ (toromu, “doze”), where toromu is likely the same toro element in terms such as とろい (toroi, “dull, stupid”), 蕩めく (toromeku, “to become sleepy”), とろとろ (torotoro, “sleepily, dozily, dreamily”).[1][2]The toromu changes to doromu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), literally 微 (“tiny”) + 睡 (“sleep”).
Pronunciation
- (Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) まどろむ [màdóróꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3][4][2]
- IPA(key): [ma̠do̞ɾo̞mɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
微睡む (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana まどろむ, rōmaji madoromu)
- to doze off, to nap
Conjugation
Conjugation of "微睡む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 微睡ま | まどろま | madoroma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 微睡み | まどろみ | madoromi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 微睡む | まどろむ | madoromu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 微睡む | まどろむ | madoromu |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 微睡め | まどろめ | madorome |
| Imperative (命令形) | 微睡め | まどろめ | madorome |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 微睡まれる | まどろまれる | madoromareru |
| Causative | 微睡ませる 微睡ます | まどろませる まどろます | madoromaseru madoromasu |
| Potential | 微睡める | まどろめる | madoromeru |
| Volitional | 微睡もう | まどろもう | madoromō |
| Negative | 微睡まない | まどろまない | madoromanai |
| Negative continuative | 微睡まず | まどろまず | madoromazu |
| Formal | 微睡みます | まどろみます | madoromimasu |
| Perfective | 微睡んだ | まどろんだ | madoronda |
| Conjunctive | 微睡んで | まどろんで | madoronde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 微睡めば | まどろめば | madoromeba |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN