從
See also: 从 and 従
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Translingual
| Traditional | 從 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 従 |
| Simplified | 从 |
Han character
從 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人人人 (HOOOO), four-corner 28281, composition ⿰彳⿱从龰)
Derived characters
- 傱 㗰 㙡 㜡 嵷 摐 漎 暰 樅 瑽 䐫 瞛 磫 䙕 縱 䗥 豵 蹤 䡮 鏦
- 㞞 㢔 瘲 嵸 蓯 篵 䰌 䢨 慫 熧 㹐 㼻 聳 䳷
References
- KangXi: page 368, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10152
- Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 829, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5F9E
Chinese
| trad. | 從 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 从* | |
| alternative forms | 从 𠚪 従 𬽡 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 從 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 摐 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 鏦 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 豵 | *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloŋ |
| 嵸 | *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 蓯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 蹤 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 縱 | *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs |
| 樅 | *ʔsloŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 磫 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 熧 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 瘲 | *ʔsloŋs |
| 暰 | *sʰloŋ |
| 瑽 | *sʰloŋ |
| 從 | *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs |
| 从 | *zloŋ |
| 慫 | *sloŋʔ |
| 聳 | *sloŋʔ |
| 傱 | *sloŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”).
Etymology 1
Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”).
Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
從
- to follow; to come after
- 盲從／盲从 ― mángcóng ― to follow blindly
- 從師／从师 ― cóngshī ― to follow a teacher and learn from him/her
- to comply with; to submit to
- 順從／顺从 ― shùncóng ― to submit to; to yield to; to obey
- 差點就從了他了！／差点就从了他了！ ― Chādiǎn jiù cóng le tā le! ― (I) nearly gave in to him (and became his girlfriend). (slang)
- to follow the principle of
- 從寬處理／从宽处理 ― cóngkuān chùlǐ ― to treat leniently
- to join; to be engaged in
- 從軍／从军 ― cóngjūn ― to join the army
- from (a place or time); since
- 他從中國來。／他从中国来。 ― Tā cóng zhōngguó lái. ― He comes from China.
- 火車從隧道裡出來。 [MSC, trad.]
- Huǒchē cóng suìdào lǐ chūlái. [Pinyin]
- The train comes out of the tunnel.
火车从隧道里出来。 [MSC, simp.]- 你是從哪個國家來的？ [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ shì cóng nǎ ge guójiā lái de? [Pinyin]
- Where are you from? (Which country are you from?)
你是从哪个国家来的？ [MSC, simp.]- 我們只能從我們的錯誤中學習。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒmen zhǐ néng cóng wǒmen de cuòwù zhōng xuéxí. [Pinyin]
- We can learn only from our mistakes.
我们只能从我们的错误中学习。 [MSC, simp.]- 這家店從早上9點開到晚上6點。 [MSC, trad.]
- Zhè jiā diàn cóng zǎoshàng 9 diǎn kāi dào wǎnshàng 6 diǎn. [Pinyin]
- This shop is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
这家店从早上9点开到晚上6点。 [MSC, simp.]- 我們從小學三年級就是朋友了。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒmen cóng xiǎoxué sān niánjí jiùshì péngyǒu le. [Pinyin]
- We have been friends since the third grade.
我们从小学三年级就是朋友了。 [MSC, simp.]
- 賣：出物貨也。從出從買。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
- Mài: chū wù huò yě. Cóng chū cóng mǎi. [Pinyin]
- 賣: To put something out and sell it. Derived from 出 and 買.
卖：出物货也。从出从买。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- through; via; by
- 一陣清風從窗口吹來。 [MSC, trad.]
- Yī zhèn qīngfēng cóng chuāngkǒu chuī lái. [Pinyin]
- A cool breeze came in through the window.
一阵清风从窗口吹来。 [MSC, simp.]- 我每天都從郵局經過。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ měi tiān dōu cóng yóujú jīngguò. [Pinyin]
- I go past the post-office every day.
我每天都从邮局经过。 [MSC, simp.]
- from; according to
- 從目前來看／从目前来看 ― cóng mùqián lái kàn ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- (followed by negative) never; ever
- 我以前從沒見過她。 [MSC, trad.]
- Wǒ yǐqián cóngméi jiàn guò tā. [Pinyin]
- I have never seen her before
我以前从没见过她。 [MSC, simp.]- 我從不違約。／我从不违约。 ― Wǒ cóngbù wéiyuē. ― I never break my promise.
- 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘)
- a surname
Compounds
Derived terms from 從
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
從
- (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname)
- 從兄／从兄 ― cóngxiōng ― paternal male cousin elder than oneself with the same surname
- auxiliary; subsidiary
- 從屬／从属 ― cóngshǔ ― subordinate
- follower; attendant; entourage
- 侍從／侍从 ― shìcóng ― attendant
Compounds
Derived terms from 從
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Descendants
- → Korean: 종 (jong, “servant; slave”)
Pronunciation
Definitions
從
- Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
從
- † Alternative form of 縱／纵 (zòng, “straight; vertical”).
- † Alternative form of 縱／纵 (zòng, “to give free reign to”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 從
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Pronunciation
Definitions
從
- † Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng).
References
- “從”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Shinjitai | 従 |
Kyūjitai | 從 |
Kanji
從
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 従)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: しゅ (shu); じゅ (ju); じゅう (jū)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō)
- Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū)
- Kun: したがう (shitagau, 從う); したがえる (shitagaeru, 從える); より (yori)
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 從 (MC d͡zɨoŋ).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ (Yale: ccyòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 | Recorded as Middle Korean 죵 (cyong) (Yale: cyong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [종]
Hanja
Wikisource從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong))
- Hanja form? of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”).
- Hanja form? of 종 (“to obey; to comply”).
- Hanja form? of 종 (“from; since”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 종전 (從前, jongjeon)
- 종사 (從事, jongsa)
- 복종 (服從, bokjong)
- 순종 (順從, sunjong)
- 시종 (侍從, sijong)
- 추종 (追從, chujong)
- 종속 (從屬, jongsok)
- 종자 (從者, jongja)
- 주종 (主從, jujong)
- 맹종 (盲從, maengjong)
- 종군 (從軍, jonggun)
- 상종 (相從, sangjong)
- 종물 (從物, jongmul)
- 곡종 (曲從, gokjong)
- 부종 (不從, bujong)
- 자종 (自從, jajong)
- 후종 (後從, hujong)
- 호종 (護從, hojong)
- 종래 (從來, jongnae)
- 부종 (附從, bujong)
- 종량 (從量, jongnyang)
- 종신 (從臣, jongsin)
- 종관 (從官, jonggwan)
- 종국 (從國, jongguk)
- 종위 (從違, jong'wi)
- 종졸 (從卒, jongjol)
- 합종 (合從, hapjong)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 從 (MC d͡zɨoŋH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ〮 (Yale: ccyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 결ᄂᆡ 죵 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
從 (eum 종 (jong))
- Hanja form? of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”).
- Synonym: 堂 (당 (dang))
Compounds
Compounds
- 고종 (姑從, gojong)
- 이종 (姨從, ijong)
- 사종 (四從, sajong)
- 외종 (外從, oejong)
- 내종 (內從, naejong)
- 재종 (再從, jaejong)
- 종고 (從姑, jonggo)
- 종매 (從妹, jongmae)
- 종백 (從伯, jongbaek)
- 종손 (從孫, jongson)
- 종수 (從嫂, jongsu)
- 종숙 (從叔, jongsuk)
- 종자 (從子, jongja)
- 종자 (從姊, jongja)
- 종제 (從弟, jongje)
- 종조 (從祖, jongjo)
- 종질 (從姪, jongjil)
- 종형 (從兄, jonghyeong)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
從: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng, thủng, tuồng, thong, thung, thùng, tồng, tụng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nôm Foundation