徘徊

徘徊

Chinese

simp. and trad. (徘徊)		徘	徊
variant forms		俳佪 俳回 裴回 裵回

Etymology

A reduplicative, ideophonic compound in Old Chinese.

Compare 婓婓 (OC *pʰɯl pʰɯl, “coming and going”), 回回 (OC *ɡuːl ɡuːl, “revolving; turning”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páihuái, páihuí

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ, ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pui⁴ wui⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): bài-*huòi / bài-*huài
• Min Nan (POJ): pâi-hôe / pâi-hoâi
• Wu (Wiktionary): be hhue (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: páihuái
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pairhwai
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯³⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Pinyin: páihuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pairhwei
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

Note: The huái reading developed irregularly from Middle Chinese. The huí reading is more commonly used (1) by non-Mainlanders, (2) in songs, poems and operas, and (3) by people unfamiliar with the character.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pui⁴ wui⁴
    • Yale: pùih wùih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pui⁴ wui⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pui⁴ wui⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰuːy̯²¹ wuːy̯²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bài-*huòi / bài-*huài
    • IPA ^(key): /pai⁵³⁻³³ huoi⁵³/, /pai⁵³⁻³³ huai⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi-hôe
    • Tâi-lô: pâi-huê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pai'hoee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /paɪ²³⁻³³ hue²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /paɪ²⁴⁻²² hue²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /paɪ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /paɪ¹³⁻²² hue¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâi-hoâi
    • Tâi-lô: pâi-huâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pai'hoaai
    • IPA (Taipei): /paɪ²⁴⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /paɪ²³⁻³³ huai²³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: be hhue (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /b̻e̞²² ɦɯe̞⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /buʌi  ɦuʌi/▼

Rime
Character	徘	徊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄回切	戸恢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buʌi/	/ɦuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/buoi/	/ɦuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/buɒi/	/ɣuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwəj/	/ɦwəj/
Li Rong	/buᴀi/	/ɣuᴀi/
Wang Li	/buɒi/	/ɣuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑ̆i/	/ɣuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péi	huí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*buːl  ɡuːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	徘	徊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3072	5444
Phonetic component	非	回
Rime group	微	微
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	裴	回
Old Chinese	/*buːl/	/*ɡuːl/

Verb

徘徊

1. to pace back and forth; to walk to and fro; to wander

   • 徐徘徊於山阿兮，飄風來之洶洶。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     徐徘徊于山阿兮，飘风来之汹汹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Xú páihuái yú shān'ē xī, piāofēng lái zhī xiōngxiōng. [Pinyin]

     Threading my way round the curves of the mountains,
     Till the whirlwind came with blusterous roaring.

   • 音樂博衍無終極兮，焉及逝以徘徊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     音乐博衍无终极兮，焉及逝以徘徊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Yīnyuè bóyǎn wú zhōngjí xī, yān jí shì yǐ páihuái. [Pinyin]

     The music swelled and swelled into infinity,
     After that I left them and resumed my wandering.

   • 旦徘徊於長阪兮，夕仿偟而獨宿。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     旦徘徊于长阪兮，夕仿偟而独宿。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Dàn páihuái yú chángbǎn xī, xī pánghuáng ér dúsù. [Pinyin]

     In the morning I wander on the long hill's bluff;
     In the evening I fearfully go to my lone rest.

2. (figuratively) to linger; to hover around; to be reluctant to leave

   • 徐風至而徘徊兮，疾風過之湯湯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     徐风至而徘徊兮，疾风过之汤汤。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Xúfēng zhì ér páihuái xī, jífēng guò zhī tāngtāng. [Pinyin]

     The soft wind blew in uncertain eddies;
     The wild wind passed with a rushing blast.

3. (figuratively) to hesitate; to dither; to waver
4. (figuratively) to oscillate; to fluctuate; to vary (between two values)

Derived terms

弭節徘徊／弭节徘徊 徘徊不前 徘徊不定 徘徊歧路 徘徊花

徘徊菊 徘徊觀望／徘徊观望 徘徊輿／徘徊舆 歧路徘徊 觀望徘徊／观望徘徊

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
徘	徊
はい Hyōgaiji	かい Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) はいかい [hàíkáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ha̠ika̠i]

Noun

徘徊 (hiragana はいかい, rōmaji haikai)

1. prowling

Verb

徘徊する (hiragana はいかいする, rōmaji haikai suru)

1. to prowl, to wander, to loiter

Conjugation

Conjugation of "徘徊する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	徘徊し	はいかいし	haikai shi
Continuative (連用形)	徘徊し	はいかいし	haikai shi
Terminal (終止形)	徘徊する	はいかいする	haikai suru
Attributive (連体形)	徘徊する	はいかいする	haikai suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	徘徊すれ	はいかいすれ	haikai sure
Imperative (命令形)	徘徊せよ¹ 徘徊しろ²	はいかいせよ¹ はいかいしろ²	haikai seyo¹ haikai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	徘徊される	はいかいされる	haikai sareru
Causative	徘徊させる 徘徊さす	はいかいさせる はいかいさす	haikai saseru haikai sasu
Potential	徘徊できる	はいかいできる	haikai dekiru
Volitional	徘徊しよう	はいかいしよう	haikai shiyō
Negative	徘徊しない	はいかいしない	haikai shinai
Negative continuative	徘徊せず	はいかいせず	haikai sezu
Formal	徘徊します	はいかいします	haikai shimasu
Perfective	徘徊した	はいかいした	haikai shita
Conjunctive	徘徊して	はいかいして	haikai shite
Hypothetical conditional	徘徊すれば	はいかいすれば	haikai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
徘	徊

Adjective

徘徊

1. Hán tự form of bồi hồi (“uneasy; restless; ill at ease; anxious”).