役

See also: 伇

役	U+5F79, 役 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F79

← 彸
[U+5F78]

CJK Unified Ideographs

彺 →
[U+5F7A]

Translingual

Han character

役 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹弓水 (HOHNE), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰彳殳)

Derived characters

垼䓈

References

KangXi: page 365, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10057

Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 814, character 23

Unihan data for U+5F79

Chinese

simp. and trad.		役

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 役
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (役) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椺	ɦmluːʔ, ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ
役	*ɢʷeɡ
疫	*ɢʷeɡ
垼	*ɢʷeɡ
炈	*ɢʷeɡ
鈠	*ɢʷeɡ
豛	*ɢʷeɡ
坄	doː, leɡ

Etymology

From 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to do”) with k-extension (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
(Chengdu, SP): yuo²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jik⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): vet⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): yt⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): yid⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): ieh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): ià / ĭ
Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ia̍h / e̍k / ia̍k
(Teochew, Peng'im): hiah⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhioq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): y⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vet⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vet̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yt⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ià / ĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁴²/, /i²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note: ia̍h - vernacular, e̍k/ia̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiah⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhioq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ʊʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: y⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 役
Mandarin	Beijing	/i⁵¹/
	Harbin	/i⁵³/
	Tianjin	/i⁵³/
	Jinan	/i²¹/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i⁴²/
	Xi'an	/i²⁴/
	Xining	/ji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/i¹³/
	Lanzhou	/i⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/i²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/i³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/i⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/yʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/y²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/y²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/yʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/it̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jek̚²/
	Nanning	/jek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚⁵/ /iaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/i²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ia³³/ /zi³⁵/ 俗

Middle Chinese: /jwiᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	役
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	清 (124)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	營隻切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jwiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iuæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷek/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷeɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	役
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ywek ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷek/
English	war expedition; service
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	役
Reading #	1/1
No.	15006
Phonetic component	役
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	役
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷeɡ/

Definitions

役

^† to guard the borders
^† soldier
^† matter; event; incident
war; military campaign
forced labour
military service
labourer
servant
to use as a servant
^† to attract
^† student; disciple
^† duty; responsibility
^† low-ranking official
^† to arrange into rows
^† to help; to aid
^† to be; to act as
^† to practise; to act with

Compounds

Derived terms from 役

丁役
伕役
侍役
停役
傜役
免役 (miǎnyì)
公役
兵役 (bīngyì)
力役
募役
夫役
奴役 (núyì)
工役 (gōngyì)
差役 (chāiyì)
庚子之役
役使 (yìshǐ)
役夫
役子
役役
役期
役物
役男 (yìnán)
役畜
徭役 (yáoyì)
惠州之役
戍役
拘役 (jūyì)
捕役 (bǔyì)

服兵役
服役 (fúyì)
物役
甲申之役
番役
督役
祗役
禁役
茶役
行役
衙役 (yáyì)
退役 (tuìyì)
退除役
除役
革役
君子于役
斗筲役
采石之役
一身兩役／一身两役 (yīshēnliǎngyì)
備役／备役
僕役／仆役 (púyì)
僱役／雇役
兵役節／兵役节
兵役課／兵役课
勞役／劳役 (láoyì)
國民兵役／国民兵役
執役／执役
外役監獄／外役监狱

夜役軍牢／夜役军牢
常備兵役／常备兵役
廝役／厮役
役使動物／役使动物
役別／役别
役屬／役属
役損／役损
役種／役种
役齡／役龄 (yìlíng)
復役／复役
戰役／战役 (zhànyì)
無能為役／无能为役
營營役役／营营役役 (yíngyíngyìyì)
現役／现役 (xiànyì)
現役軍人／现役军人
當役／当役
罰役／罚役
義役／义役
補充兵役／补充兵役
課役／课役
貪官蠹役／贪官蠹役
賤役／贱役 (jiànyì)
賦役／赋役
轉役／转役
長役夢魂／长役梦魂
門役／门役 (ményì)
預備役／预备役 (yùbèiyì)
頭役／头役

Japanese

Kanji

役

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

duty, office
service
role, part

Readings

Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
Kun: つとめ (tsutome, 役); えだち (edachi, 役)
Nanori: え (e); えん (en); えんの (enno); おうこ (ōko); おうせ (ōse); おおせ (ōse); まもり (mamori); まもる (mamoru)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
役
やく Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC jwiᴇk̚). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) やく [yàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [ja̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

役(やく) • (yaku)

role, service, use
(card games, mahjong) hand, scoring combination

Suffix

役(やく) • (-yaku)

playing the role of...
涼(すず)宮(みや)ハルヒ役(やく)の平(ひら)野(の)綾(あや)さん
Suzumiya Haruhi-yaku no Hirano Aya-san
Aya Hirano, who voices Haruhi Suzumiya

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
役
えき Grade: 3
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC jwiᴇk̚).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) えき [éꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [e̞kʲi]

Noun

役(えき) • (eki)

war; battle
(archaic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Affix

役(えき) • (eki)

duty; service
put to work, labor
war; battle

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 役 (MC jwiᴇk̚).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆑᆨ〮 (Yale: yuyek) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (yék) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource役 (eumhun 부릴 역 (buril yeok))

Hanja form^? of 역 (“duty; role”).

Compounds

역할 (役割, yeokhal)
징역 (懲役, jing'yeok)
용역 (用役, yong'yeok)
현역 (現役, hyeonyeok)
병역 (兵役, byeong'yeok)
고역 (苦役, goyeok)
주역 (主役, juyeok)
노역 (勞役, noyeok)
악역 (惡役, agyeok)
전역 (戰役, jeonyeok)
복역 (服役, bogyeok)
퇴역 (退役, toeyeok)
부역 (賦役, buyeok)
단역 (端役, danyeok)
대역 (代役, daeyeok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

役: Hán Việt readings: dịch[1][2][3][4][5][6]
役: Nôm readings: dịch[1][2][3], việc[1][2][3][7], diếc[1]

chữ Hán form of dịch (“service, work”).
Nôm form of việc (“work, job, business, matter, affair”).

References

Nguyễn (2014).
Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Trần (2004).
Trần (1999).
Nguyễn (1974).
Thiều Chửu (1942).
Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcndg-2] Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-3] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-4] Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-5] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-6] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-7] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[btcn-8] Hồ (1976).