強制

強制

See also: 强制

Chinese

		strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better	system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate
trad. (強制)		強	制
simp. (强制)		强	制

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiángzhì, qiǎngzhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄓˋ, ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng⁵ zai³, koeng⁴ zai³
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiông-chè / kiâng-chì / kiâng-chè

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiang⁵ zi³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiángzhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciángjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-chih⁴
    • Yale: chyáng-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangjyh
    • Palladius: цянчжи (cjančži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎngzhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎngjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang³-chih⁴
    • Yale: chyǎng-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheangjyh
    • Palladius: цянчжи (cjančži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: koeng⁵ zai³, koeng⁴ zai³
    • Yale: kéuhng jai, kèuhng jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koeng⁵ dzai³, koeng⁴ dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kêng⁵ zei³, kêng⁴ zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³/, /kʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-chè
    • Tâi-lô: kiông-tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiongzex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/
    • IPA (Singapore): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡se²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-chì
    • Tâi-lô: kiâng-tsì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiangcix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡ɕi²¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-chè
    • Tâi-lô: kiâng-tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiangzex
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiang⁵ zi³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng tsì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si²¹³/

Verb

強制

1. to enforce; to force; to compel; to coerce

   被強制戒毒／被强制戒毒  ―  bèi qiángzhì jièdú  ―  to be compelled to receive treatment for drug addiction

Synonyms

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds) 迫 (pò) 迫使 (pòshǐ) 逼 (bī) 逼迫 (bīpò)

強迫／强迫 (qiǎngpò) 強逼／强逼 (qiǎngbī) 緊逼／紧逼 (jǐnbī) 脅迫／胁迫 (xiépò)

Adjective

強制

1. (attributive) forceful; coercive

   採取強制手段／采取强制手段  ―  cǎiqǔ qiángzhì shǒuduàn  ―  to adopt coercive measures

Adverb

強制

1. forcibly

Noun

強制

1. compulsion (irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action); obsession

Synonyms

• 強迫／强迫 (qiǎngpò)

Derived terms

強制保險／强制保险 強制性／强制性 (qiángzhìxìng)

強制拘留／强制拘留 (qiángzhì jūliú)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
強	制
きょう Grade: 2	せい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Noun

強(きょう)制(せい) • (kyōsei) 

1. compulsion, imposition, enforcement, coercion

   強制(きょうせい)終了(しゅうりょう)

   kyōsei shūryō

   (competition) forced end; (computing) forced shutdown

Verb

強(きょう)制(せい)する • (kyōsei suru) transitive suru (stem 強(きょう)制(せい)し (kyōsei shi), past 強(きょう)制(せい)した (kyōsei shita))

1. to force, impose, compel, coerce

   労働(ろうどう)を強制(きょうせい)する

   rōdō o kyōsei suru

   force to work

Conjugation

Conjugation of "強制する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	強制し	きょうせいし	kyōsei shi
Continuative (連用形)	強制し	きょうせいし	kyōsei shi
Terminal (終止形)	強制する	きょうせいする	kyōsei suru
Attributive (連体形)	強制する	きょうせいする	kyōsei suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	強制すれ	きょうせいすれ	kyōsei sure
Imperative (命令形)	強制せよ¹ 強制しろ²	きょうせいせよ¹ きょうせいしろ²	kyōsei seyo¹ kyōsei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	強制される	きょうせいされる	kyōsei sareru
Causative	強制させる 強制さす	きょうせいさせる きょうせいさす	kyōsei saseru kyōsei sasu
Potential	強制できる	きょうせいできる	kyōsei dekiru
Volitional	強制しよう	きょうせいしよう	kyōsei shiyō
Negative	強制しない	きょうせいしない	kyōsei shinai
Negative continuative	強制せず	きょうせいせず	kyōsei sezu
Formal	強制します	きょうせいします	kyōsei shimasu
Perfective	強制した	きょうせいした	kyōsei shita
Conjunctive	強制して	きょうせいして	kyōsei shite
Hypothetical conditional	強制すれば	きょうせいすれば	kyōsei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.