弧

弧	U+5F27, 弧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F27

← 弦
[U+5F26]

CJK Unified Ideographs

弨 →
[U+5F28]

Translingual

Han character

弧 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5 in Chinese, 弓+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓竹女人 (NHVO), four-corner 1223₀, composition ⿰弓瓜)

References

KangXi: page 357, character 34

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9757

Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 993, character 3

Unihan data for U+5F27

Chinese

trad.		弧
simp. ^#		弧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瓜	*kʷraː
坬	*kʷraːs
窊	qʷraː, qʷraːs
畖	*qʷraː
搲	*qʷraːs
攨	*qʷraːs
孤	*kʷaː
苽	*kʷaː
胍	*kʷaː
泒	*kʷaː
呱	*kʷaː
觚	*kʷaː
柧	*kʷaː
罛	*kʷaː
軱	*kʷaː
菰	*kʷaː
箛	*kʷaː
狐	*ɡʷaː
弧	*ɡʷlaː

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hú (hu²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴
Min Nan (POJ): hô͘ / ô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴
  - Yale: wùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuo/

Rime
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤa/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷlaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁa/
English	bow; bend, curved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
No.	4359
Phonetic component	瓜
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷlaː/

Definitions

弧

wooden bow
arc, crescent

Compounds

劣弧
反射弧 (fǎnshèhú)
大括弧
弧光 (húguāng)
弧度 (húdù)
弧形 (húxíng)
弧菌 (hújūn)
弧角
括弧 (kuòhú)

桃弧棘矢
桑弧蓬矢
蝥弧 (máohú)
優弧／优弧
共軛弧／共轭弧
圓弧／圆弧 (yuánhú)
島弧／岛弧
弧光燈／弧光灯
弧光譜／弧光谱

弧帨齊輝／弧帨齐辉
弧放電／弧放电
弧紋／弧纹
弧線／弧线 (húxiàn)
懸弧／悬弧
懸弧之慶／悬弧之庆
設弧／设弧
霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)

Japanese

Kanji

弧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

arc

Readings

Go-on: ご (go)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: きゆみ (kiyumi, 弧)

Compounds

円弧(えんこ) (enko)
括弧(かっこ) (kakko)
共役弧(きょうやくこ) (kyōyakuko)
弧光(ここう) (kokō): arc light
弧状(こじょう) (kojō)
弧線(こせん) (kosen)
弧度(こど) (kodo): radian
桑弧(そうこ) (sōko)
直弧文(ちょっこもん) (chokkomon)
島弧(とうこ) (tōko)
電弧(でんこ) (denko): arc (electric discharge)
優弧(ゆうこ) (yūko)
琉球弧(りゅうきゅうこ) (ryūkyūko)
劣弧(れっこ) (rekko)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
弧
こ Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 孤 (hu, “arc”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) こ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

弧(こ) • (ko)

arc

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

弧 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

弧: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN