弗
See also: 𢎵
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Translingual
| Stroke order (Sans-serif) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
弗 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 55027, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)
Derived characters
- 㔗, 佛, 彿, 沸, 𠔘, 𡗻, 𡘉, 𡛯, 𭯗, 𡶒, 𢂀, 𢏇, 𢒍, 𢘍, 𣭘, 𣲴, 𤝟, 𤤖, 𤫰, 𥘬 𥿏, 𦕚, 𦨡, 𧉸, 𧙂, 𧠤, 𧿳, 𨚓, 𨚭, 𩖼
References
- KangXi: page 356, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
- Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 990, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5F17
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 弗 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 弗 | |
|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
 |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (弗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鄪 | *prɯds |
| 費 | *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds |
| 砩 | *pads |
| 沸 | *pɯds |
| 疿 | *pɯds |
| 茀 | *pɯds, *pʰɯd |
| 髴 | *pʰɯds, *pɯd, *pʰɯd |
| 昲 | *pʰɯds |
| 靅 | *pʰɯds |
| 狒 | *buds |
| 怫 | *bɯds, *bɯd |
| 胇 | *brɯd |
| 艴 | *bɯːd, *pʰɯd |
| 弗 | *pɯd |
| 紼 | *pɯd |
| 柫 | *pɯd |
| 笰 | *pɯd |
| 拂 | *pʰɯd |
| 刜 | *pʰɯd, *bɯd |
| 彿 | *pʰɯd |
| 佛 | *bɯd |
| 坲 | *bɯd |
| 咈 | *bɯd |
| 炥 | *bɯd |
Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.
Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word.
Etymology 1
- not (verb) him/her/it
- Fusion of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) with 之 (OC *tjɯ, “third-person pronoun”) (Schuessler, 2007). See etymology of 不 for more.
Pronunciation
Definitions
弗
- (Classical Chinese or Wu) not
- 我弗要搭伊去！ [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]
- [ŋv̩ʷ²³ v̥əʔ¹¹ iɔ²³ ta̱ʔ⁴⁴ ɦi²³ t͡ɕʰi³⁴] [IPA]
- I don't want to go with him!
- 對弗起／对弗起 [Suzhounese] ― Sorry
- 一簞食，一豆羹，得之則生，弗得則死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Yī dān sì, yī dòu gēng, dé zhī zé shēng, fú dé zé sǐ. [Pinyin]
- Here are a small basket of rice and a platter of soup; getting them will enable survival, while not getting them will result in death.
一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used in 弗弗.
- Alternative form of 祓 (fú).
- † to straighten; to correct
- Used in transcription.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 不 (“not”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 不 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 不 |
| Taiwan | 不 | |
| Tianjin | 不 | |
| Chengde | 不 | |
| Tangshan | 不 | |
| Cangzhou | 不 | |
| Baoding | 不 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 不 | |
| Chifeng | 不 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 不 | |
| Heihe | 不 | |
| Qiqihar | 不 | |
| Harbin | 不 | |
| Jiamusi | 不 | |
| Baicheng | 不 | |
| Changchun | 不 | |
| Tonghua | 不 | |
| Shenyang | 不 | |
| Dandong | 不 | |
| Jinzhou | 不 | |
| Dalian | 不 | |
| Yantai | 不 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 不 | |
| Qingdao | 不 | |
| Lijin | 不 | |
| Zhucheng | 不 | |
| Jinan | 不 | |
| Luoyang | 不 | |
| Wanrong | 不 | |
| Shangqiu | 不 | |
| Yuanyang | 不 | |
| Zhengzhou | 不 | |
| Lingbao | 不 | |
| Xinyang | 不 | |
| Baihe | 不 | |
| Xi'an | 不 | |
| Baoji | 不 | |
| Yinchuan | 不 | |
| Tianshui | 不 | |
| Lanzhou | 不 | |
| Dunhuang | 不 | |
| Xining | 不 | |
| Hami | 不 | |
| Ürümqi | 不 | |
| Wuhan | 不 | |
| Yichang | 不 | |
| Xiangyang | 不 | |
| Tianmen | 不 | |
| Hong'an | 不 | |
| Chengdu | 不 | |
| Nanchong | 不 | |
| Dazhou | 不 | |
| Hanyuan | 不 | |
| Xichang | 不 | |
| Zigong | 不 | |
| Chongqing | 不 | |
| Guiyang | 不 | |
| Zunyi | 不 | |
| Bijie | 不 | |
| Zhaotong | 不 | |
| Dali | 不 | |
| Kunming | 不 | |
| Mengzi | 不 | |
| Guilin | 不 | |
| Liuzhou | 沒, 不 | |
| Changde | 不 | |
| Anqing | 不 | |
| Xuzhou | 不 | |
| Fuyang | 不 | |
| Wuhu | 不 | |
| Yangzhou | 不 | |
| Lianyungang | 不 | |
| Lianshui | 不 | |
| Nanjing | 不 | |
| Hefei | 不 | |
| Nantong | 不 | |
| Malaysia | 不 | |
| Singapore | 不 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 唔 |
| Hong Kong | 唔 | |
| Macau | 唔 | |
| Taishan | 唔 | |
| Dongguan | 唔 | |
| Yangjiang | 無 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 冇 | |
| Hepu (Shatian) | 冇 | |
| Beihai | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 冇 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 冇 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 冇 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 唔 | |
| Móng Cái | 冇 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 不 |
| Lichuan | 不 | |
| Pingxiang | 毋 | |
| Jianning | 唔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唔 |
| Xingning | 唔 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 唔 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 唔 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 唔 | |
| Changting | 唔 | |
| Shanghang | 唔 | |
| Wuping | 唔 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 唔 | |
| Liancheng | 唔 | |
| Ninghua | 唔, 不 | |
| Qingliu | 唔 | |
| Yudu | 唔 | |
| Ruijin | 唔 | |
| Shicheng | 唔 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 唔 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 毋 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 毋 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 毋 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 毋 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 毋 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 不 |
| Shexian | 不 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 不 |
| Yangyuan | 不 | |
| Datong | 不 | |
| Xinzhou | 不 | |
| Lishi | 不 | |
| Linfen | 不 | |
| Changzhi | 不 | |
| Linhe | 不 | |
| Jining | 不 | |
| Hohhot | 不 | |
| Erenhot | 不 | |
| Pingshan | 不 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 不 | |
| Handan | 不 | |
| Linzhou | 不 | |
| Suide | 不 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Songxi | 唔, 𣍐 | |
| Zhenghe | 唔, 𣍐 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Changle | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Lianjiang | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fuqing | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Pingtan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Yongtai | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Minqing | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Gutian | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Pingnan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Luoyuan | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fu'an | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Ningde | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Xiapu | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Zherong | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Shouning | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Zhouning | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Fuding | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Matsu | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Quanzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Jinjiang | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Nan'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Shishi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Hui'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Anxi | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Yongchun | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Dehua | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Hua'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Nanjing | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Pinghe | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhangpu | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Yunxiao | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Zhao'an | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Dongshan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Taipei | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Kaohsiung | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Tainan | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Kinmen | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 毋, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Datian | 毋, 𣍐 | |
| Chaozhou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Shantou | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Jieyang | 唔 | |
| Haifeng | 唔 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 唔, 𣍐, 無 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 唔 | |
| Leizhou | 伓 | |
| Wenchang | 無 | |
| Haikou | 無 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 無 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Xianyou | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 伓, 𣍐 |
| Shaxian | 伓, 𣍐 | |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 冒, 唔 |
| Guangze | 唔 | |
| Jiangle | 唔 | |
| Mingxi | 唔 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冇 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勿 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 弗, 勿 | |
| Suzhou | 弗 | |
| Danyang | 弗 | |
| Hangzhou | 不 | |
| Ningbo | 勿, 嘸沒 rare | |
| Wenzhou | 不 | |
| Jinhua | 弗 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 不 |
| Loudi | 不 | |
| Shuangfeng | 不 | |
Usage notes
- In modern Standard Chinese, this character is almost entirely used for phonetic translations. The character mainly represents the phoneme /f/ in word-final and preconsonantal positions.
- The characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.
- In lects such as Shanghainese or Ningbonese, the character 勿 is more commonly used. It also has the tone sandhi pattern of a light deparing (陽去／阳去 (yángqù)) tone.
Compounds
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Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see 費 (“to cost; to spend; to expend; to consume; to use; to exhaust; etc.”). (This character, 弗, is the second-round simplified form of 費.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese
Kanji
弗
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- fluorine
- the dollar sign ($)
Readings
- Go-on: ほち (hochi)
- Kan-on: ふつ (futsu)
- Kun: ドル (doru, 弗); ず (zu, 弗)
Etymology 1
弗 (futsu): a sample of chilled liquid fluorine.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弗 |
| ふつ Hyōgaiji |
| kan’on |
Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value in translating the Dutch fluor (“fluorine”).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]
Affix
弗 • (futsu)
- (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride
Usage notes
Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 弗化 (ふっか, fukka): fluoridation; fluoro-, fluor-; fluorinated
- 弗化カルシウム (ふっかカルシウム, fukka karushiumu): calcium fluoride, CaF2
- 六弗化リン酸リチウム (ろくふっかりんさんりちうむ, roku fukka rinsan richiumu): lithium hexafluorophosphate
- 弗化水素 (ふっかすいそ, fukka suiso): hydrogen fluoride, HF
- 弗化水素酸 (ふっかすいそさん, fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
- 弗化物 (ふっかぶつ, fukkabutsu): fluoride
- 六弗化硫黄 (ろくふっかいおう, ろくふっかいおう): sulfur hexafluoride
- 弗酸 (ふっさん, fussan): short for 弗化水素酸 (fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid
- 弗素 (ふっそ, fusso): fluorine, F
Purely phonetic uses:
- 阿弗利加, 亜弗利加 (アフリカ, Afurika): Africa
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 弗 |
| どる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Glyph origin
Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately borrowed from Dutch dollar.[1][2]
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 弗 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 弗, is an alternative (obsolete) spelling of the above term.) |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
弗 (eumhun 아닐 불 (anil bul))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.[1]
References
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:8239th_AU_leaflet_2508.png
Vietnamese
Han character
弗: Hán Nôm readings: phất
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.