廣開言路

廣開言路

Chinese

		wide; numerous; to spread	open; operate (vehicle); start	channels for communication with leadership
trad. (廣開言路)		廣	開	言路
simp. (广开言路)		广	开	言路

Etymology

From the Book of the Later Han.

朝廷廣開言事之路，故且一切假貸；若懷迷不反，當顯明刑書。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]

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朝廷广开言事之路，故且一切假贷；若怀迷不反，当显明刑书。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE

Cháotíng guǎng kāi yánshì zhī lù, gùqiě yīqiè jiǎdài; ruò huái mí bù fǎn, dāng xiǎnmíng xíngshū. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guǎngkāiyánlù

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄎㄞ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong² hoi¹ jin⁴ lou⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guǎngkāiyánlù
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄎㄞ ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guǎngkaiyánlù
    • Wade–Giles: kuang³-kʻai¹-yen²-lu⁴
    • Yale: gwǎng-kāi-yán-lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goangkaiyanluh
    • Palladius: гуанкайяньлу (guankajjanʹlu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwong² hoi¹ jin⁴ lou⁶
    • Yale: gwóng hōi yìhn louh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwong² hoi¹ jin⁴ lou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guong² hoi¹ yin⁴ lou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ lou̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kwɑŋ^X  kʰʌi  ŋɨɐn  luo^H/

Rime
Character	廣	開	言	路
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)	疑 (31)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	咍 (41)	元 (65)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III	I
Fanqie	古晃切	苦哀切	語軒切	洛故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑŋX/	/kʰʌi/	/ŋɨɐn/	/luoH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑŋX/	/kʰəi/	/ŋiɐn/	/luoH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑŋX/	/kʰɒi/	/ŋiɐn/	/loH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaŋX/	/kʰəj/	/ŋɨan/	/lɔH/
Li Rong	/kuɑŋX/	/kʰᴀi/	/ŋiɐn/	/loH/
Wang Li	/kuɑŋX/	/kʰɒi/	/ŋĭɐn/	/luH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɑŋX/	/kʰɑ̆i/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/	/luoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǎng	kāi	yán	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwong2	hoi1	jin4	lou6

Idiom

廣開言路

1. to encourage the free airing of views; to create conditions for the subordinates and the masses to fully express their opinions