廉

廉

廉 U+5EC9, 廉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EC9 ← 廈 [U+5EC8] CJK Unified Ideographs 廊 → [U+5ECA]

廉 U+F9A2, 廉 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2 ← 說 [U+F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 念 → [U+F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

廉 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿X金 (ITXC), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广兼)

Derived characters

• 濂, 嬚, 燫, 臁, 鐮(镰), 蠊, 譧, 劆, 薕, 簾, 𦧷, 𧸖

References

• KangXi: page 349, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9436
• Dae Jaweon: page 659, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 896, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5EC9
• Unihan data for U+F9A2

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		廉
alternative forms		亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 𠪕 𢉧 𢋯 𠔳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 廉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
譧	*r'eːms
賺	*r'eːms
尲	*kreːm
鹻	*kreːmʔ
歉	*kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏	*kʰreːmʔ
鰜	*ɡreːm, *keːm
稴	*ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉	*ɡ·rem
鎌	*ɡ·rem
鬑	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮	*ɡ·rem
簾	*ɡ·rem
薕	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊	*ɡ·rem
嬚	*ɡ·remʔ
溓	*ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰	*kʰremʔ
隒	*ŋɡremʔ
熑	*ɡ·reːm
濂	*ɡ·reːm
燫	*ɡ·reːm
兼	*keːm, *keːms
縑	*keːm
鶼	*keːm
蒹	*keːm
搛	*keːm
謙	*kʰeːm
膁	*kʰeːmʔ
嗛	*kʰeːmʔ
慊	*kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔	*kʰeːms
馦	*qʰeːm
嫌	*ɡeːm
鼸	*ɡeːmʔ
尷	*kreːm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 广 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): nian²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): lim⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): liam³

• Gan (Wiktionary): lien⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹
• Min Bei (KCR): lǐng
• Min Dong (BUC): lièng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): liâm / lêm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): lienn²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Wade–Giles: lien²
    • Yale: lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nian²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niɛn²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lim⁴
    • Yale: lìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: liam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lien⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: liamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /liam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lie¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
    • Tâi-lô: liâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /liam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /liam²¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
    • Tâi-lô: lêm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leem
    • IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâm / niâm / niâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• liam5 - Chaozhou;
• niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• niang5 - Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: li (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lienn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liẽ¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 廉
Mandarin	Beijing	/lian³⁵/
	Harbin	/lian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/liã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/liã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liã²⁴/
	Xining	/liã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/liɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nian³¹/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹/
	Kunming	/liɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/lien²⁴/
	Hefei	/liĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/lie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/li²³/
	Suzhou	/liɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/liẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/le⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/liɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/liẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/niẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liam¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/liɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lim²¹/
	Nanning	/lim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/liŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/niam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/liam³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /liᴇm/

Rime
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力鹽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liam/
Li Rong	/liɛm/
Wang Li	/lĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lim4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem/, /*[r]em/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廉	廉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljem ›	‹ ljem ›
Old Chinese	/*(k-)rem/	/*[r]em/
English	frugal	angle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
No.	6042
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	廉
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·rem/

Definitions

廉

1. clean; incorruptible; honorable; honest
2. inexpensive
3. a surname

Synonyms

• (clean): 潔／洁 (jié)

Antonyms

• (inexpensive): 貴／贵 (guì)

Compounds

一廉如水 低廉 (dīlián) 句廉 大法小廉 威廉 (Wēilián) 孝廉 (xiàolián) 孝廉方正 小廉大法 廉使 廉俸 廉吏 廉士 廉宜 廉政 (liánzhèng) 廉明 (liánmíng) 廉正 (liánzhèng) 廉江 (Liánjiāng)

廉泉 廉白 廉直 廉署 (Liánshǔ) 廉能 廉隅 正直清廉 清廉 (qīnglián) 蚓廉 價廉物美／价廉物美 (jiàliánwùměi) 大廉價／大廉价 寡廉鮮恥／寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ) 小廉曲謹／小廉曲谨 廉價／廉价 (liánjià) 廉恥／廉耻 (liánchǐ) 廉潔／廉洁 (liánjié) 廉潔奉公／廉洁奉公

廉纖／廉纤 廉訪／廉访 廉讓／廉让 廉錦楓／廉锦枫 廉鍔／廉锷 廉頑立懦／廉顽立懦 毀廉蔑恥／毁廉蔑耻 物美價廉／物美价廉 (wùměijiàlián) 知羞識廉／知羞识廉 砥礪廉隅／砥砺廉隅 禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ) 節義廉明／节义廉明 舉孝廉／举孝廉 (jǔ xiàolián) 裡廉／里廉 頑廉懦立／顽廉懦立 飛廉／飞廉 (fēilián) 養廉／养廉

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Japanese

Shinjitai	廉
Kyūjitai [1]	廉 廉 or 廉+︀?
	廉󠄀 廉+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
	廉󠄃 廉+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

廉

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 廉)

Readings

• Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)←れむ (remu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)←れむ (remu, ancient)}
• Kun: いさぎよい (isagiyoi, 廉い)^{←いさぎよし (isagyosi, historical)}; かど (kado, 廉); きよい (kiyoi, 廉い); やすい (yasui, 廉い)^{←やすし (yasusi, historical)}
• Nanori: おさ (osa); かど (kado); きよ (kiyo); きよし (kiyoshi); すが (suga); すなお (sunao); ただし (tadashi); やす (yasu); ゆき (yuki)

Noun

廉(かど) • (kado) 

1. grounds (for suspicion), a charge (for a crime)

Proper noun

廉(れん) • (Ren) 

1. a male or female given name

References

1. “廉”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Hanja

廉 (eumhun 청렴할 렴 (cheongnyeomhal ryeom), South Korea 청렴할 염 (cheongnyeomhal yeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 렴/염 (“upright, honorable, honest, pure”).
2. Hanja form^? of 렴/염 (“to spy on”).

Compounds

1. 청렴(淸廉) (cheongnyeom, “honesty”)
2. 염탐(廉探) (yeomtam, “snooping, nosing around”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

廉: Hán Nôm readings: liêm, rèm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.